Amakimbirane amaze imyaka myinshi ashegesha uburasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo (RDC) akomeje gufata indi ntera, mu gihe ibihugu bikomeye ku rwego mpuzamahanga bikomeje gushinjwa kugira uruhare rutaziguye cyangwa ruziguye mu buryo intambara ikomeza cyangwa ishobora kurangira.
Mu gihe amahanga akomeje guharanira ko haboneka amahoro arambye muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru na Kivu y’Epfo, raporo zitandukanye n’abasesenguzi mu bya dipolomasi n’umutekano bavuga ko inyungu z’ubukungu n’iza gisirikare by’ibihugu bikomeye nka Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’u Bushinwa bishobora kuba biri mu bituma ikibazo gikomeza kuba ingorabahizi.
Ikinyamakuru Africa Defense Forum giherutse kugaragaza ko Guverinoma y’u Bushinwa yashinjwe gukoresha icyo bamwe mu basesenguzi bise “dipolomasi y’amasura abiri”, aho ku ruhande rumwe ivuga ko ishyigikiye amahoro, umutekano n’ubwiyunge, ariko ku rundi ruhande ikagirana ubufatanye bwa gisirikare n’ubukungu n’impande zitandukanye ziri mu makimbirane.
Iyo myitwarire ngo si iyo muri RDC gusa. Yagiye inavugwa mu bindi bice by’Isi birimo Ukraine, Myanmar ndetse no mu bibazo by’umutekano byo muri Aziya.
Umusesenguzi mu bijyanye n’imiyoborere n’imibanire mpuzamahanga, Samir Bhattacharya wo mu kigo Observer Research Foundation, yavuze ko uburyo Beijing ikora muri RDC bushobora gutuma ikibazo kirushaho kuba urusobe.
Mu nyandiko yasohoye ku wa 11 Gicurasi, Bhattacharya yagize ati: “Ibikorwa byiyongera bya gisirikare n’inganda za gisirikare bya Beijing mu karere byerekana inzira ifunganye kandi yo gusahurira mu nduru, ishobora kongera umutekano muke. Iyi dipolomasi y’amasura abiri igamije kurinda ishoramari no kongera ijambo, ishobora guhungabanya iryo shoramari bushaka kurinda.”
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko impamvu nyamukuru ituma u Bushinwa bushishikazwa cyane na RDC ari umutungo kamere uri muri icyo gihugu.
Mu myaka yashize, amasosiyete afitanye umubano wa hafi na Beijing yagiye yongera igenzura ryayo ku birombe bya cobalt, coltan, umuringa na uranium, ibintu byatumye RDC iba kimwe mu bihugu bifite agaciro gakomeye muri gahunda z’ubukungu z’u Bushinwa muri Afurika.
Ni muri urwo rwego Ingabo za Congo zagiye zoherezwa kenshi mu duce dukungahaye ku mabuye y’agaciro kugira ngo zirinde ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi bifitanye isano n’amasosiyete y’Abashinwa.
Icyakora, mu gihe Beijing ikomeje gushimangira umubano wayo na Kinshasa, yanakomeje umubano wa gisirikare n’ubukungu n’ibihugu by’ibituranyi birimo u Rwanda na Uganda.
Impuguke zigenga z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zimaze igihe zishinja u Rwanda na Uganda gutera inkunga umutwe wa M23, nubwo ibyo bihugu byakomeje kubihakana.
Bhattacharya yavuze ko u Bushinwa bwashoboye gukomeza kugirana umubano n’impande zose.
Yagize ati: “[U Bushinwa] bwateye inkunga gahunda z’imyitozo ku bashinzwe umutekano muri Congo, butanga ubufasha bw’ibikoresho, kandi bushishikariza kohereza ingabo zaho kurinda ibirombe by’amabuye y’agaciro acukurwa n’u Bushinwa.”
Yakomeje agira ati: “Ubu buryo butuma Beijing irengera inyungu zayo mu gihe ikomeza kugaragaza isura y’igihugu cyubahiriza kutivanga nka politiki yacyo.”
Mu mirwano yakomeje kuvugwa hagati ya FARDC na M23, hagaragaye ikoreshwa ry’intwaro n’indege zitagira abapilote zikomoka mu Bushinwa ku mpande zitandukanye, ibintu byakomeje kuzamura impaka ku ruhare rw’icyo gihugu.
Raporo zitandukanye zigaragaza ko uruganda Norinco rwagurishije intwaro zitandukanye mu Rwanda, mu gihe RDC na yo yaguze drones eshatu zo mu bwoko bwa CH-4 muri China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation mu mwaka wa 2024.
Bhattacharya yavuze ati: “Ku ruhande rumwe, u Bushinwa burashaka umutekano muri DRC kugira ngo burinde ishoramari ryinshi mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro. Ku rundi ruhande, gukomeza gukorana n’ibihugu bituranye bigabanya ubushake bwo gufata icyemezo gifatika mu makimbirane yo mu karere.”
Mu gihe u Bushinwa bushinjwa kugerageza kugumana umubano n’impande zose, Amerika yo ikomeje gushyira imbaraga mu nzira za dipolomasi zigamije kurangiza amakimbirane. Amerika nay o iri kubikora kubw’inyungu z’umutungo kamere wa RDC.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko Washington ishobora gukomeza gukoresha ibihano n’igitutu cya dipolomasi ku bihugu cyangwa abantu bazashinjwa kubangamira amasezerano y’amahoro cyangwa gufasha imitwe yitwaje intwaro.
Ku Rwanda by’umwihariko, hari abavuga ko rushobora gukomeza guhura n’igitutu cya dipolomasi n’ibihano niba amahanga akomeje kurushinja gufasha M23.
Icyakora, ku rundi ruhande, u Bushinwa bushobora gukomeza kurubera umufatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ndetse no mu kugura no kugurisha ibikoresho bya gisirikare.
Ku Burundi, impungenge nyinshi zishingiye ku ruhare rwabwo mu bufatanye bwa gisirikare na RDC.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko Bujumbura ikwiye gusabwa kugabanya cyangwa gukura ingabo zabwo muri RDC mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano y’i Washington n’andi masezerano y’amahoro ari kuganirwaho mu karere.
Nanone kandi, kubera ibibazo by’ubukungu igihugu gihanganye na byo, u Burundi bushobora gukomeza gushaka inkunga n’ishoramari biturutse mu Bushinwa.
Uganda yo ikomeje gufatwa nk’igihugu kiri hagati y’impande zitandukanye. Ifite ubufatanye bwa gisirikare na RDC mu rugamba rwo kurwanya ADF, ariko na yo ikunze kuvugwa muri raporo zimwe na zimwe zishinja abayobozi cyangwa inzego zimwe kuyifashisha mu gufasha M23.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, Kampala ishobora gukomeza gukorana bya hafi na Amerika mu kurwanya iterabwoba, ariko igasabwa kurushaho kugaragaza aho ihagaze ku bibazo birebana n’umutekano wo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC.
Abasesenguzi bemeza ko aho kwishingikiriza ku mbaraga z’ibihugu bikomeye, ibihugu byo mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari bikwiye gushyira imbere ibisubizo biturutse mu karere ubwako.
Mu ngamba zifatwa nk’iz’ingenzi harimo gushyigikira ibiganiro by’amahoro by’i Luanda n’i Nairobi, gukemura ikibazo cy’imitwe yitwaje intwaro ikorera mu karere, gushyiraho uburyo bunoze bwo gukurikirana inkomoko y’amabuye y’agaciro no kongera ubufatanye mu by’ubukungu.
Ku Rwanda by’umwihariko, impuguke zigaragaza ko gukomeza kubahiriza amasezerano mpuzamahanga, gukomeza gusobanurira amahanga impungenge rufite ku mutekano warwo zijyanye na FDLR, no kwagura amasoko y’ubukungu bishobora kurufasha kugabanya ingaruka z’igitutu cya dipolomasi n’ibihano bishoboka.
Nubwo intambara yo mu burasirazuba bwa RDC ikomeje kugira ingaruka ku mutekano w’akarere kose, ikibazo gikomeje kwibazwa ni niba inyungu z’ubukungu n’iza geopolitiki z’ibihugu bikomeye zizaha umwanya amahoro arambye cyangwa niba zizakomeza kuba zimwe mu nzitizi zikomeye ku gushaka umuti urambye w’ayo makimbirane.
Tubibutse ko mushobora gukomeza kudukurikirana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
Kanda hano udukurikirane kuri Facebook, Hano udukurikirane kuri WhatsApp
