Hashize umwaka umwe u Rwanda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo bishyize umukono ku masezerano y’amahoro ya Washington yari yitezweho kurangiza amakimbirane amaze imyaka irenga 30 mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo, ariko imibare mishya n’ubutumwa bukomeye bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bigaragaza ko inzira y’amahoro ikiri ndende ndetse ishobora kurushaho guhura n’imbogamizi.
Ku wa Gatanu, Umujyanama wihariye wa Perezida wa Amerika ushinzwe Afurika, Massad Boulos, yagejeje ijambo ku Kanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gashinzwe amahoro n’umutekano, agaragaza ko impande zombi zitarubahiriza neza ibyo ziyemeje mu masezerano yasinyiwe i Washington.
Boulos yavuze ko nyuma y’umwaka umwe ayo masezerano ashyizweho umukono, hari ibikorwa by’ingenzi bitarashyirwa mu bikorwa nk’uko byari byitezwe.
Yagize ati: “RDC ntiyashoboye gusenya FDLR mu duce igenzura. U Rwanda ntirwacyuye Ingabo zarwo kandi ntirwahagaritse inkunga ruha M23. Uku gutinda ntikukiri uko kwihanganirwa.”
Aya magambo aje mu gihe Amerika ikomeje kongera igitutu kuri Kigali na Kinshasa kugira ngo byihutishe ibikorwa byemeranyijweho mu rwego rwo kugarura amahoro arambye mu karere.
Massad Boulos yongeye gutanga umuburo ukomeye avuga ko kutubahiriza ibyo impande zombi ziyemeje bishobora kuvamo izindi ngamba zikomeye.
Yagize ati: “Kutagira icyo ukora cyangwa kubangamira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano bizakurikirwa n’izindi ngamba zo kubiryozwa.”
Uyu muyobozi yibukije ko muri Werurwe 2026 Amerika yafatiye ibihano bamwe mu bayobozi b’Ingabo z’u Rwanda kubera ibyo yashinjaga uruhare mu gushyigikira M23.
Yongeyeho ko no ku wa Kane hatangajwe ibihano bishya byafatiwe abantu n’inzego zikekwaho kugira uruhare mu bucuruzi butemewe bw’amabuye y’agaciro ava muri Congo akanyuzwa mu Rwanda.
Amerika yasabye impande zombi kureba kure inzira z’intambara zigashyira imbaraga mu gushyira mu bikorwa ibyemeranyijweho.
Boulos yagize ati: “Ubutumwa bwacu burasobanutse: Nimureke inzira ishobora guteza intambara, mwiyemeze byuzuye kandi bidatinze gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda z’amahoro mwemeranyijweho.”
Mu gihe Amerika ikomeza gutanga umuburo, raporo nshya y’urwego rwigenga Barometer of Peace Agreements in Africa (BAPA) na yo igaragaza ko amasezerano ya Washington ataragera ku rwego rwifuzwaga.
Raporo yasohotse nyuma y’umwaka umwe ayo masezerano asinywe igaragaza ko yashyizwe mu bikorwa ku kigero cya 35% gusa.
Mu bikorwa 30 byari biteganyijwe muri ayo masezerano, bitatu byonyine ni byo byarangiye burundu, umunani ntibiratangira na gato, mu gihe ibisigaye biri mu byiciro bitandukanye by’ishyirwa mu bikorwa.
Iyo raporo igaragaza ko RDC imaze kubahiriza 31,7% by’ibyo yiyemeje, mu gihe u Rwanda rugeze kuri 30,6%.
Ku rundi ruhande, abahuza mpuzamahanga barimo Amerika, Qatar n’Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe bageze ku kigero cya 53,5%, bakaba ari bo bamaze kugera kure kurusha abandi mu bikorwa byari byateganyijwe.
Umwanditsi Mukuru wa BAPA, Dr. Roger-Claude Liwanga, yavuze ko hari intambwe zimwe zatewe mu gushyiraho inzego z’ubuyobozi n’ubufatanye, ariko ikibazo gikomeye cy’umutekano gikomeje kudindiza inzira yose.
Yagize ati: “Hatabayeho intambwe zifatika mu rwego rw’umutekano, aya masezerano azahinduka ubukerarugendo bwa dipolomasi butazagira umusaruro ugaragara ku buzima bw’abaturage. Aho ni ho tugeze uyu munsi.”
Liwanga yagaragaje ko imwe mu ntege nke zikomeye z’aya masezerano ari uko atasobanuye neza uburyo hazagenzurwa isenywa rya FDLR.
Ati: “Icyo ni ikibazo gikomeye. Nyuma y’amezi make, RDC ishobora kuvuga ko yamaze gusenya FDLR, u Rwanda na rwo rukavuga ko bitarakorwa kuko impande zombi zitigeze zemeranya ku bipimo bizakoreshwa.”
Raporo igaragaza kandi ko nubwo hariho urwego rwa Joint Security Coordination Mechanism rwashyizweho kugira ngo ruhuze ibikorwa by’umutekano n’izindi nzego zigenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano, umutekano ku butaka ugikomeje kuba ikibazo gikomeye.
Imirwano hagati ya AFC/M23 n’Ingabo za Leta ya Congo, FARDC, yakomeje cyane cyane muri Kivu y’Amajyepfo. Raporo ivuga kandi ko intambara ikoresha indege zitagira abapilote zizwi nka drones irimo gufata indi ntera, ibintu bikomeje kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku baturage.
Liwanga yavuze ko ibintu byatangiye guhinduka nyuma y’uko Amerika itangiye gukoresha ibihano nk’uburyo bwo gushyira igitutu ku mpande zirebwa n’aya masezerano.
Yagize ati: “Impande zari zizi ko nta bihano cyangwa izindi ngamba z’igitutu zari ziteganyijwe. Ariko kuva ibyo bihano byatangira gufatwa, ni bwo ibintu byatangiye kugenda biguru ntege.”
Raporo yanagarutse ku biganiro bya Doha bihuza Leta ya RDC na AFC/M23, igaragaza ko na byo bitaragera ku musaruro wari witezwe.
Nk’uko Liwanga abivuga, ikibazo gikomeye ni uko hari imitwe myinshi yitwaje intwaro itari muri gahunda z’ibiganiro biri gukorwa.
Ati: “Hari imitwe ivuga ko itarebwa n’izi gahunda z’ibiganiro zombi. Byaba byiza ishakiwe uburyo bwo kubyinjizwamo hakiri kare, bitaba ibyo tukazisanga twasubiye aho twatangiriye.”
Aba basesenguzi banagaragaza ko n’imishinga minini y’ubufatanye mu bukungu yari iherekeje amasezerano ya Washington ikomeje kudindira. Mu mishinga yavuzwe harimo urugomero rwa Rusizi III rwari rwitezweho guteza imbere ubufatanye hagati y’ibihugu byombi, ariko ikibazo cy’umutekano n’icyo kutizerana gikomeje kuba imbogamizi.
Aya masezerano yashyigikiwe cyane n’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Donald Trump, bwabonaga ko amahoro mu Burasirazuba bwa Congo ashobora gufungura amarembo y’ishoramari rikomeye mu rwego rw’amabuye y’agaciro arimo cobalt, coltan na cuivre.
Icyakora, nyuma y’umwaka umwe, imibare n’isesengura by’abakurikirana iby’amahoro muri Afurika byerekana ko amahoro arambye atazagerwaho binyuze mu masezerano yanditse gusa, ahubwo azashingira ku bushake bwa politiki, kubaka icyizere hagati y’impande zombi no gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo buri ruhande rwiyemeje.
Mu gihe Amerika ikomeje kongera igitutu no guteguza ibindi bihano, amaso y’abaturage bo mu karere akomeje kureba niba umwaka wa kabiri w’aya masezerano uzazana impinduka zifatika cyangwa niba koko nk’uko bamwe baburira, azarangirira mu byo Dr. Liwanga yise “ubukerarugendo bwa dipolomasi.”.
Tubibutse ko mushobora gukomeza kudukurikirana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
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