Impaka zikomeje kwiyongera ku ruhare rw’ibihugu mpuzamahanga mu gushaka umuti urambye mu gihe Uburasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo bukomeje kuba isibaniro ry’intambara, ibibazo by’umutekano muke n’ibibazo by’ubutabazi.
Muri izo mpaka, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika iri mu zirebwa cyane, nyuma y’uko bamwe mu basesenguzi bagaragaje ko ishobora kuba yarafashe icyemezo cyo gushyigikira inkuru ya Perezida Félix Tshisekedi ivuga ko ikibazo cya Congo gifite inkomoko imwe rukumbi: u Rwanda.
Iyi nkuru yakomeje kwamamara mu ruhando mpuzamahanga, aho Kigali yashyizwe mu majwi nk’umutwe nyamukuru w’ibibazo by’umutekano muke bimaze imyaka myinshi byugarije uburasirazuba bwa RDC.
Nyamara, abasesenguzi batandukanye bavuga ko gusobanura ikibazo gikomeye kimaze imyaka isaga 30 muri ubu buryo bworoshye ari ukwirengagiza amateka, ibibazo by’imiyoborere ndetse n’impamvu nyinshi z’imbere mu gihugu cya Congo zakomeje guteza umutekano muke.
Si ubwa mbere ikibazo cya Congo gisobanurwa muri ubu buryo. Mu mwaka wa 2012, u Rwanda rwashyizweho igitutu gikomeye n’ibihugu by’amahanga ndetse runafatirwa ibihano bitandukanye. Icyakora, nubwo ibyo bihano byafatwaga nk’inzira yo gukemura ikibazo, ntabwo byabashije kuzana amahoro arambye cyangwa gukuraho impamvu zatumaga amakimbirane akomeza.
Nyuma y’imyaka hafi icumi, intambara yongeye gukaza umurego, ibintu byatumye benshi bibaza niba koko ikibazo cyari cyarakemutse cyangwa niba ibihano byari byaribasiye impamvu zitari zo.
Abashakashatsi benshi ku bibazo by’akarere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, harimo n’abakunze kunenga u Rwanda, bagaragaza ko ikibazo cy’umutekano muke muri Congo gishingiye ku mpamvu nyinshi zirimo intege nke z’imiyoborere, ruswa, amakimbirane ku bwenegihugu, ivangura rishingiye ku moko, ubushobozi buke bw’inzego za Leta ndetse n’ubwiyongere bukabije bw’imitwe yitwaje intwaro.
Kuri bo, kuvuga ko ikibazo cyose gishingiye ku mabuye y’agaciro cyangwa ku kwivanga kw’ibihugu byo hanze gusa ni ugukabya koroshya ikibazo gikomeye kandi gifite imizi miremire.
Kimwe mu bibazo bikunze kuvugwa cyane ni icyuho cy’ubutegetsi kimaze imyaka myinshi mu burasirazuba bwa Congo. Mu bice byinshi by’icyo gihugu, Leta ntiyigeze ibasha gushyiraho ubutegetsi bukomeye cyangwa inzego z’umutekano zifite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura neza abaturage n’ubutaka.
Icyo cyuho cyafashije imitwe yitwaje intwaro gukura no kwiyongera. Kugeza ubu, amakuru atandukanye agaragaza ko mu burasirazuba bwa RDC hakorera imitwe irenga 200 yitwaje intwaro. Iyo mitwe ituruka ku mpamvu zitandukanye zirimo ubwoko, politiki, inyungu z’ubukungu ndetse n’ubwiyongere bw’amakimbirane hagati y’abaturage.
Muri iyo mitwe harimo n’umutwe wa FDLR umaze imyaka myinshi ukorera ku butaka bwa Congo. Uwo mutwe washinzwe n’abasigaye mu bakoze Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994 nyuma yo guhungira muri icyo gihugu. Kuba FDLR yarakomeje kubaho no gukorera muri Congo imyaka myinshi byabaye kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye by’umutekano byakomeje guteza impagarara hagati y’ibihugu by’akarere.
Raporo zitandukanye zagiye zisohorwa n’impuguke mpuzamahanga zagaragaje ko ikibazo kirushaho gukomera kubera ubufatanye bwagiye bugaragara hagati ya bamwe mu basirikare ba FARDC n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro itandukanye. Muri izo raporo, FDLR ni umwe mu mitwe yagiye ivugwaho gukorana n’ingabo za Leta mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.
Ibi byatumye bamwe mu basesenguzi bavuga ko ikibazo kitagomba kureberwa gusa mu rwego rw’umutekano wo ku mipaka, ahubwo ko kigomba kureberwa no mu rwego rw’imiyoborere y’inzego za Leta ya Congo ndetse n’uburyo umutekano ucungwa imbere mu gihugu.
Ruswa na yo ikomeje kugarukwaho nk’imwe mu mpamvu zica intege inzego za Leta. Iyo ruswa igira ingaruka ku mikorere y’ingabo, ku buyobozi bwa gisivili ndetse no ku bushobozi bwa Leta bwo gutanga serivisi z’ibanze abaturage bakeneye.
Ikindi kibazo gikomeye gikomeje kuvugwa ni amateka y’amakimbirane ashingiye ku bwenegihugu n’ivangura rikorerwa bamwe mu baturage bo mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, cyane cyane Abatutsi b’Abanyekongo.
Mu myaka myinshi ishize, abaturage benshi bo muri ayo moko bakomeje guhura n’ibibazo birimo kwamburwa uburenganzira, guhezwa, ivangura ndetse n’imvugo zibiba urwango. Hari aho bamwe bagiye bavanwa mu byabo cyangwa bagahura n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku ndangamuntu yabo.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko ibyo bibazo byakomeje kubyara urwikekwe, amakimbirane ndetse no gukomeza ibikorwa by’urugomo, bikaba bimwe mu bintu bituma amahoro arambye atagerwaho.
Perezida Paul Kagame yigeze kuvuga ko u Rwanda ari “igitonyanga mu nyanja” ku bibazo bya Congo. Nubwo iri jambo rikomeje kugibwaho impaka n’abatandukanye, hari abavuga ko ubutumwa bwaryo bwibanda ku kintu kimwe cy’ingenzi: ko ikibazo cya Congo kidashobora gukemurwa binyuze mu gushakira ibisubizo hanze yacyo gusa.
Bavuga ko igihe cyose impamvu z’imbere mu gihugu zirimo intege nke z’imiyoborere, ruswa, imitwe yitwaje intwaro, ikibazo cy’ubwenegihugu n’amacakubiri bizakomeza kutitabwaho uko bikwiye, amahoro arambye azakomeza kuba kure.
Ni muri urwo rwego bamwe bibaza niba Amerika n’ibindi bihugu bikomeye bidakwiye gusubira inyuma bikareba ishusho yose y’ikibazo aho kwibanda ku ruhande rumwe gusa.
Amateka y’akarere agaragaza ko ibihano bya dipolomasi bishobora gutanga ubutumwa bwa politiki mu gihe gito, ariko ko bidashobora gusimbura ibisubizo byimbitse bikemura impamvu nyamukuru z’amakimbirane.
Kuri benshi, amahoro nyayo muri Congo azagerwaho igihe ikibazo kizarebwa mu buryo bwuzuye, aho kubaka inkuru ishingiye ku gushaka umunyabyaha umwe ahubwo hagashakwa ibisubizo birambye ku bibazo bimaze imyaka myinshi byugarije igihugu n’akarere kose.
Tubibutse ko mushobora gukomeza kudukurikirana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
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