Raporo nshya yakozwe n’abashakashatsi batatu bazwi mu bijyanye n’umutekano, amakimbirane n’imiyoborere mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari, yagaragaje ko amasezerano y’amahoro yasinyiwe i Washington hagati y’u Rwanda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ashobora kutagera ku ntego zayo mu gihe impamvu nyamukuru z’amakimbirane zikomeje kudahabwa umwanya ukwiye.
Iyo raporo yiswe “The Limits of ‘America First’ in Africa: What the Congo Peace Initiative Reveals”, yateguwe na Joshua Z. Walker, Reagan Miviri na Jason K. Stearns. Isesengura ryayo ryibanda ku ruhare rw’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Donald Trump mu gushaka igisubizo cy’ibibazo by’umutekano bimaze imyaka myinshi mu burasirazuba bwa Congo, ariko ikagaragaza ko inyungu za Amerika mu bukungu n’ishoramari zagaragaye cyane kurusha gahunda yo kubaka amahoro arambye.
Aba bashakashatsi bavuga ko nubwo Washington yashoboye kwegeranya Kigali na Kinshasa ku meza y’ibiganiro no kubageza ku masezerano y’amahoro, ikibazo cy’umutekano muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru na Kivu y’Amajyepfo cyakomeje kugaragaza ko amasezerano ya dipolomasi yonyine adahagije.
Nk’uko raporo ibigaragaza, politiki ya “America First” yakomeje kuba ishingiro ry’imikorere y’ubutegetsi bwa Trump no mu bibazo bya Afurika. Iyo politiki yashyiraga imbere inyungu z’ubucuruzi, ishoramari n’umutekano wa Amerika mbere y’ibindi byose. Abanditsi b’iyi raporo bavuga ko ibyo byagaragariye cyane mu buryo ikibazo cya Congo cyafashwemo.
Amasezerano ya Washington yafashwe nk’intsinzi ikomeye ya dipolomasi ya Amerika ku mugabane wa Afurika. Yari agamije kugabanya ubushyamirane hagati y’u Rwanda na RDC, kongera icyizere hagati y’impande zombi no gufungura inzira y’ubufatanye bw’ubukungu, cyane cyane mu rwego rw’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro afite akamaro gakomeye mu nganda z’ikoranabuhanga n’iz’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Icyakora, nk’uko aba bashakashatsi babisobanura, ibyari byitezwe nyuma y’isinywa ry’ayo masezerano ntabwo byahise bigaragara ku rugamba. Imirwano hagati ya M23 n’Ingabo za Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo yakomeje kuvugwa mu bice bitandukanye byo mu burasirazuba bw’icyo gihugu, ibintu byatumye hibazwa niba koko amasezerano yari ahagije kugira ngo azane impinduka zifatika.
Raporo igaragaza ko ikibazo cya Congo gifite amateka maremare arenga imyaka mirongo itatu, kirimo imitwe myinshi yitwaje intwaro, ibibazo by’imiyoborere, kutizerana hagati y’impande zitandukanye ndetse n’inyungu z’ibihugu byinshi bifite aho bihuriye n’umutungo kamere w’ako karere.
Aba bashakashatsi bavuga ko amahoro adashobora kubakwa hashingiwe gusa ku masezerano y’ubukungu cyangwa ku nyungu z’ishoramari. Basanga hakenewe inzego zikomeye zo kugenzura iyubahirizwa ry’ibyemeranyijwe, uburyo bwo gukurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano ndetse no gukemura ibibazo byabaye intandaro y’amakimbirane.
Raporo inasobanura impamvu Amerika yongereye ubushake bwo kwinjira muri dosiye ya Congo mu mwaka wa 2025. Abanditsi bayo bavuga ko ibintu byafashe indi ntera nyuma y’uko M23 ifashe imijyi ya Goma na Bukavu mu ntangiriro za uwo mwaka.
Nk’uko babivuga, icyo gihe ubuyobozi bwa Kinshasa bwatangiye gushaka uko bwakwegera Washington kugira ngo igire uruhare rugaragara mu gushaka umuti w’ikibazo. Nyuma yaho, muri Gashyantare 2025, abarwanyi ba M23 begereye kimwe mu birombe bikomeye by’amabuye y’agaciro byo muri Walikale byari bifitwe n’isosiyete y’Abanyamerika, mbere y’uko basubira inyuma.
Aba bashakashatsi bavuga ko icyo kibazo cyahise gituma inyungu za Amerika zigaragara cyane muri dosiye ya Congo. Kuva icyo gihe, Washington yatangiye kongera ibikorwa bya dipolomasi ndetse inafatira ibihano bamwe mu bayobozi b’u Rwanda barimo Gen (Rtd) James Kabarebe.
Raporo inerekana ko muri Mata 2025, Perezida Donald Trump yashyizeho Massad Boulos nk’umujyanama mukuru ushinzwe Afurika. Boulos yahise ahabwa inshingano zo kuyobora ibiganiro hagati ya Kigali na Kinshasa.
Nubwo ayo masezerano yagezweho, abanditsi b’iyi raporo banenga uburyo ubutegetsi bwa Trump bwafashe ibyemezo kuri iki kibazo. Bemeza ko ubusanzwe ibibazo nk’ibi byaganirwaho n’inzego zitandukanye zirimo Akanama k’Umutekano k’Umukuru w’Igihugu wa Amerika, Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Minisiteri y’Ingabo n’inzego z’ubutasi kugira ngo haboneke icyemezo gishingiye ku bitekerezo by’impuguke zitandukanye.
Icyakora, bavuga ko muri iki gihe uburyo bwo gufata ibyemezo bwahindutse cyane. Nubwo ku mugaragaro byagaragaraga ko Minisiteri y’Ububanyi n’Amahanga iyobowe na Marco Rubio ari yo iyoboye dosiye ya Congo, raporo ivuga ko uruhare runini rwari mu maboko ya Massad Boulos.
Abanditsi bavuga ko mbere yo kwinjira muri guverinoma, Boulos yari azwi cyane mu rwego rw’ubucuruzi kurusha uko yari azwi muri dipolomasi cyangwa politiki ya Amerika. Basanga kuba yari afitanye umubano wa hafi na Perezida Trump byamuhaye imbaraga zikomeye mu ifatwa ry’ibyemezo.
Raporo inavuga ko kuba Amerika yari ifite inyungu nyinshi z’ishoramari muri Congo byatumye bamwe batangira kubona Washington nk’uruhande rushobora kuba rwari rufite aho rubogamiye. Ku bw’aba bashakashatsi, ibyo byagize ingaruka ku isura Amerika yari ifite nk’umuhuza ushaka igisubizo kidafite aho kibogamiye.
Ingaruka z’iyo nzira zanagaragaye mu mubano hagati y’u Rwanda na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Raporo ivuga ko bamwe mu bayobozi n’abanyapolitiki bo muri Amerika bari basanzwe bafata u Rwanda nk’umufatanyabikorwa wa hafi bagaragaje impungenge ku cyerekezo gishya cya Washington muri aka karere.
Aba bashakashatsi bavuga kandi ko kugabanya uruhare rwa Minisiteri y’Ingabo ya Amerika muri iki kibazo byagize ingaruka ku mikoranire yari isanzwe hagati y’inzego z’umutekano z’ibihugu byombi.
Mu mwanzuro wabo, Joshua Z. Walker, Reagan Miviri na Jason K. Stearns bavuga ko amasezerano ya Washington ashobora kuba yaratanze amahirwe mashya yo kugabanya amakimbirane hagati y’u Rwanda na RDC, ariko ko atagomba gufatwa nk’umuti wa burundu.
Basanga amahoro arambye mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari azagerwaho gusa igihe hazakemurwa impamvu zishingiye ku mateka y’amakimbirane, hakubakwa icyizere hagati y’impande zose bireba, hakajyaho uburyo bukomeye bwo kubahiriza amasezerano kandi ibihugu byo mu karere, imiryango mpuzamahanga n’abafatanyabikorwa bose bagafatanya mu buryo buhoraho.
Kuri bo, uburambe bwa Washington muri dosiye ya Congo bwerekanye ko dipolomasi ishobora gutanga umusaruro mu gihe gito, ariko amahoro arambye adashobora kubakwa ku nyungu z’ubukungu gusa. Bisaba umurongo mugari uhuza umutekano, politiki, ubutabera n’ubufatanye bw’akarere kugira ngo ikibazo kimaze imyaka myinshi kibonerwe umuti urambye.
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