Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo ikomeje kwigaragaza nk’igihugu gishobora guhindura isura y’ubukungu bw’isi mu gihe ibihugu bikomeye birwanira kugenzura umutungo kamere ukoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, ingufu zisubira ndetse n’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Mu myaka yashize, amabuye y’agaciro ya Congo yavuzwe cyane kubera zahabu, cobalt na diyama. Ubu ariko, copper iri kuzamuka ku rwego rwo hejuru ku buryo bamwe mu basesenguzi bayita “zahabu nshya” y’ikinyejana cya 21 kubera uruhare rwayo mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
Copper ikoreshwa cyane mu gukora bateri z’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi, imirasire y’izuba, imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi, ibikoresho by’itumanaho ndetse n’ibikoresho bya gisirikare. Uko isi igenda iva ku gukoresha peteroli n’ibikomoka kuri yo, ni ko agaciro ka copper karushaho kuzamuka ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Ni muri urwo rwego Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo iri kugirana ibiganiro bikomeye n’amasosiyete akomeye yo mu Bushinwa, harimo China Railway Group Ltd (CREC), agamije gushyira mu bikorwa umushinga munini ushobora guhindura ubucukuzi bwa copper ku isi.
Amakuru ava mu nzego z’ubukungu agaragaza ko ibiganiro hagati ya CREC na Guverinoma ya Congo binyuze muri Minisiteri y’Ubucukuzi bw’Amabuye y’Agaciro byibanze ku mushinga ushobora kuzajya utanga hagati ya toni 200,000 na 500,000 za copper buri mwaka.
Iyo mibare ishobora gushyira RDC mu bihugu bya mbere ku isi bitanga copper nyinshi, ikarushaho kuyegereza ibihugu bisanzwe bifite ijambo rikomeye muri uwo mutungo nka Chile, Peru na Australia.
Abasesenguzi bavuga ko uwo mushinga ushobora kuzaba umwe mu mishinga minini y’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ku isi mu myaka iri imbere, cyane cyane kubera ubwinshi bw’umutungo kamere Congo ifite utarakorwaho uko bikwiye.
Ikintu gikomeje gutangaza benshi ni uko uwo mushinga utazagarukira gusa mu Ntara ya Katanga isanzwe izwi nk’umutima w’ubucukuzi bwa copper muri Congo. Hari gahunda yo kuwagurira no mu Ntara ya Kasai-Oriental, ahazwi cyane kubera diyama.
Iyo gahunda ishobora guhindura bikomeye ubuzima bw’ako karere, kuko biteganyijwe ko hashobora kubakwa imihanda mishya, ibikorwa remezo, inganda ndetse hakanahangwa imirimo ku bantu benshi. Imijyi mito ishobora guhinduka ibigo bikomeye by’ubucukuzi n’ubucuruzi.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, hari impungenge zikomeje kuvugwa n’abasesenguzi ku bijyanye n’inyungu abaturage bazakura muri uwo mutungo. Bamwe bibaza niba ayo masezerano azagirira akamaro abaturage cyangwa niba inyungu nyinshi zizajya mu masosiyete y’amahanga n’abanyapolitiki bake bafite ijambo rikomeye.
U Bushinwa busanzwe bufite ijambo rikomeye muri Congo mu rwego rw’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro. Mu myaka yashize, Beijing yabushoyemo amafaranga menshi binyuze mu mishinga itandukanye harimo Sicomines, umwe mu mishinga yavuzwe cyane kubera uburyo wahuzaga amasezerano yo guhana amabuye y’agaciro n’ibikorwa remezo.
Iyo gahunda iri mu murongo mugari wa Belt and Road Initiative, gahunda y’u Bushinwa igamije kwagura ijambo ryabwo ku isi binyuze mu ishoramari n’ibikorwa remezo.
RDC iri mu bihugu bifatwa nk’inkingi z’ingenzi muri iyo gahunda kubera ubwinshi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ifite. Ibi byatumye bamwe mu basesenguzi batangira kwibaza niba Congo iri kwiyubakira ubushobozi bwayo cyangwa niba ishobora kongera kwisanga mu masezerano ashobora gutuma umutungo wayo ugenzurwa n’ibihugu bikomeye.
Mu rundi ruhande, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika nazo zikomeje kongera inyungu muri Congo. Washington imaze gushyira umukono ku masezerano n’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Félix Tshisekedi agamije kongera ubufatanye mu rwego rw’amabuye y’agaciro akoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga no mu ngufu zisubira.
Amerika ibona Congo nk’igihugu gishobora kuyifasha kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku Bushinwa mu nganda zikora bateri z’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi ndetse n’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga rihanitse.
Ibi byatumye RDC ihinduka ikibuga gikomeye cy’intambara ya dipolomasi y’ubukungu hagati y’ibihugu bikomeye ku isi.
Nubwo nta masasu arimo kuraswa, abasesenguzi bavuga ko hari intambara ikomeye iri kubera muri Congo hagati ya Amerika n’u Bushinwa. Iyo ntambara ishingiye ku masezerano, ishoramari, dipolomasi ndetse no kugenzura umutungo kamere ushobora kugena ahazaza h’inganda z’isi.
Mu myaka icumi ishize, umusaruro wa copper muri RDC wazamutse cyane ku buryo bamwe bavuga ko wikubye inshuro zirenga eshatu ugereranyije n’uko byari bimeze mbere.
Perezida Félix Tshisekedi yakomeje kugaragaza ko ashaka guhindura Congo igihugu kitazajya kiguma ku rwego rwo kohereza amabuye y’agaciro gusa, ahubwo kikubaka inganda zinoza ayo mabuye imbere mu gihugu kugira ngo abaturage babyungukiremo byinshi.
Icyakora, ibibazo bikomeje kuba byinshi. Haravugwa uburiganya mu masezerano y’ubucukuzi, kutagaragara kw’inyungu zifatika ku baturage, kutaringanira kw’inyungu hagati ya Congo n’ibihugu bikomeye ndetse n’ingaruka ku bidukikije no ku baturage batuye hafi y’ibirombe.
Tubibutse ko mushobora gukomeza kudukurikirana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
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