Isoko mpuzamahanga ry’amabuye y’agaciro rikomeje kugaragaza impinduka zikomeye, aho igiciro cya Ammonium paratungstate (APT), kimwe mu bice by’ingenzi bikomoka kuri tungsten, cyarenze amadolari ya Amerika 3000 kuri toni mu mpera za Mata, kikaba gikomeje kuzamuka ku buryo bugaragara kuva umwaka watangira.
Iri zamuka ry’ibiciro ryatewe n’ihungabana rikomeye ku masoko mpuzamahanga, ryatewe ahanini n’impinduka mu micungire y’umusaruro w’ibirombe ndetse n’ingamba zashyizweho n’ibihugu bikomeye mu bucukuzi bw’aya mabuye.
Ibi byafunguye amarembo ku bihugu bifite umutungo kamere wa tungsten ku mugabane wa Afurika, cyane cyane u Rwanda na Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo (DRC), nubwo bigaragara ko u Rwanda rwabashije kubyaza umusaruro aya mahirwe kurusha cyane DRC.
Tungsten, iri mu itsinda ry’amabuye y’agaciro azwi nka “3T” hamwe na tin na coltan, ifite agaciro gakomeye ku isoko mpuzamahanga bitewe n’ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije ndetse n’uburemere bwayo, bituma ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikora ibikoresho bya gisirikare ndetse n’izikora indege.
Ibi byatumye ikomeza gushakishwa cyane ku Isi, aho amakuru agaragaza ko ikoreshwa mu rwego rwa gisirikare rigeze kuri 12% by’umusaruro wose, rikaba rishobora kuzagera hagati ya 15% mu myaka ya 2027 na 2028 mu gihe ibihugu bikomeje kongera ububiko bw’intwaro zabyo.
Uretse urwego rwa gisirikare, inganda zikora ibinyabiziga zikomeje kuba abaguzi bakomeye ba tungsten, aho zifite hagati ya 25% na 30% by’isoko ryayo ku Isi. Ibi bituma ubusabe bw’iki cyuma bukomeza kuzamuka, cyane cyane mu gihe isi igenda irushaho gukenera ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku byuma bikomeye kandi byihanganira ubushyuhe.
Ku ruhande rw’umusaruro, igihugu cy’u Bushinwa gikomeje kuza ku isonga ku Isi mu bucukuzi no kohereza tungsten mu mahanga. Gusa mu mwaka wa 2025, ubuyobozi bw’iki gihugu bwashyizeho amananiza akomeye ku iyoherezwa ry’aya mabuye mu mahanga, bugabanya ingano y’amabuye acukurwa ndetse bunagena ibigo bike byemerewe kuyohereza hanze.
Kugeza mu Kuboza, ibigo 15 gusa byo mu Bushinwa ni byo byari byemerewe gukora ubucuruzi bwo kohereza tungsten mu mahanga mu gihe cya 2026–2027.
Ibi byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku baguzi bo mu Burengerazuba bw’Isi, bagorwa no kubona tungsten ihagije, bityo ibiciro bikomeza kuzamuka.
Ibi byose byahindutse amahirwe akomeye ku Rwanda, rwahise rwigaragaza nk’igihugu gifite ubushobozi bwo kuzuza icyuho cyatewe n’izo mpinduka.
Imibare igaragaza ko u Rwanda rwohereje toni 2,383.9 za tungsten mu mwaka wa 2024, zifite agaciro ka miliyoni 35.76 z’amadolari ya Amerika, bituma rufata umwanya wa mbere mu bihugu bya Afurika byohereza aya mabuye mu mahanga.
Ku rundi ruhande, Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo, nubwo ifite umutungo kamere munini, ntiyabashije kugera ku rwego rumwe n’urw’u Rwanda.
Mu mwaka wa 2025, DRC yacukuye toni 213 za Ammonium paratungstate, yohereza hanze toni 94.5 gusa, zifite agaciro ka miliyoni 1.3 z’amadolari. Nubwo igihugu cyohereje hanze toni 46,251 za gasegereti zifite agaciro ka miliyoni 652$, mu bijyanye na tungsten gikomeje kugaragaza intege nke ugereranyije n’u Rwanda.
Impamvu nyamukuru y’iri tandukaniro riri hagati y’ibihugu byombi ishingiye ku micungire y’ikorwa ry’ubucukuzi ndetse n’ishoramari ryakozwe mu rwego rw’ibirombe.
Mu Rwanda, ikirombe cya Nyakabingo, gicungwa na sosiyete Trinity Metals, gifatwa nk’umushinga munini wa tungsten ku mugabane wa Afurika. Iki kirombe gitanga toni ziri hagati ya 100 na 110 za wolframite cyangwa tungsten buri kwezi, kikaba ari cyo nkingi y’umusaruro munini w’u Rwanda.
Abasesenguzi bemeza ko niba ibiciro bya tungsten bikomeje kuzamuka nk’uko bimeze ubu, u Rwanda rushobora gukomeza kongera umusaruro no kwagura isoko ryarwo ku rwego mpuzamahanga, cyane cyane mu gihe rukomeje gushyira imbaraga mu kunoza imicungire y’ibirombe no gukurura ishoramari rishya.
Ku rundi ruhande, DRC isabwa gukemura ibibazo bijyanye n’imiyoborere n’ikorwa ry’ubucukuzi kugira ngo ibashe gukoresha neza umutungo kamere ifite, bitaba ibyo icyuho kiri hagati yayo n’ibihugu biyirusha imikorere myiza kizakomeza kwiyongera.
Ibi byose bigaragaza uburyo impinduka ku masoko mpuzamahanga zishobora guhindura isura y’ubucuruzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro, ndetse n’ukuntu ibihugu bifite ubushobozi bwo kwihutira kubyaza umusaruro ayo mahirwe bishobora kwigarurira imyanya ikomeye ku rwego rw’Isi.
Tubibutse ko mushobora gukomeza kudukurikirana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
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