Umutwe wa FDLR-FOCA umaze imyaka irenga mirongo itatu ukorera mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, ukomeje kwigaragaza nk’umwe mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro ifite amateka maremare kandi mabi cyane muri aka karere.
Nubwo wagiye uhura n’ibibazo birimo gutakaza abayobozi bakuru, kugabanyuka kw’ibice wagenzuraga ndetse n’ibitero byawugabwagaho, amakuru atandukanye agaragaza ko ukomeje kwiyubaka haba mu rwego rwa gisirikare no mu rwego rwa politiki.
Kugeza muri Kamena 2025, amakuru y’iperereza yavugaga ko FDLR yari ifite abarwanyi bari hagati ya 7.000 na 10.000. Nyuma y’amezi make, mu Ugushyingo 2025, Umuvugizi wayo mu rwego rwa gisirikare Lt Col Octavien Mutimura yatangaje ko uyu mutwe ufite abarwanyi benshi kandi bafite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’uwawugabaho ibitero.
Ku rwego rwa gisirikare, FDLR iyobowe na Pacifique Ntawunguka uzwi cyane nka Gen Omega. Ni umwe mu bayobozi bamaze igihe kinini muri uyu mutwe, dore ko yari Lieutenant mu ngabo za Leta yahozeho mu Rwanda mbere y’uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 irangira. Nyuma yaho yahungiye muri Zaïre, ubu ni RDC, aho yakomeje ibikorwa by’igisirikare kugeza ageze ku buyobozi bukuru bwa FDLR.
Mu nshingano ze, Gen Omega yungirizwa na Gen Maj Cyprien Uzabakiriho uzwi nka Ave Maria. Iperereza rya gisirikare rizwi nka G2 riyoborwa na Brig Gen Sebastien Uwimbabazi uzwi nka Nyembo Abdallah, na ho ibikorwa bya gisirikare bizwi nka G3 bikayoborwa na Brig Gen Lucien Nzabanita.
Hari kandi ishami ryihariye ry’abarwanyi badasanzwe rizwi nka CRAP, ryagiye rigira uruhare mu bikorwa byinshi bya gisirikare. Ryayobowe n’abayobozi batandukanye barimo Col Pierre-Célestin Rurakabije uzwi nka Simba Guillaume, ndetse n’uwavugwaga cyane muri iri shami, Col Protogène Ruvugayimikore, mbere y’uko yicwa na bagenzi be mu Ukuboza 2023.
Ku rwego rwa politiki, ibikorwa byose bya FDLR bigenzurwa na Perezida wayo Lt Gen Gaston Iyamuremye uzwi nka Victor Byiringiro cyangwa Rumuri. Ni umwe mu bantu bagize uruhare rukomeye mu gukomeza umurongo wa politiki w’uyu mutwe no kugenzura ibikorwa byawo by’ubukangurambaga.
Amakuru atandukanye agaragaza ko imiterere y’ubuyobozi bwa FDLR isa cyane n’iyari isanzwe mu ngabo zatsinzwe zahoze ari FAR. Abayobozi benshi b’uyu mutwe ni abantu bafite inkomoko muri izo ngabo, kandi amahugurwa atangwa mu bigo byawo akomeza gushingira ku bitekerezo byo kwisubiza ubutegetsi mu Rwanda hakoreshejwe intwaro.
Aya mahugurwa n’imyitozo bya gisirikare bitangirwa mu bigo biyoborwa na Brig Gen Mutunzi Bernard uzwi nka Manzi. Muri ayo masomo, abarwanyi bashya bigishwa amateka n’inyigisho zishingiye ku rwango, ivangura n’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, ibintu byakomeje kunengwa n’imiryango mpuzamahanga itandukanye.
Mu mpera za 2021, ubwo M23 yongeraga gufata intwaro, imwe mu ntego zayo yari ukurwanya FDLR no kuyikura mu bice byinshi yari yarigaruriye. Icyo gihe FDLR yari ifite ibirindiro bikomeye muri Pariki ya Virunga no mu bice bya Rutshuru, aho icyicaro gikuru cya Gen Omega cyari giherereye mu kigo cya gisirikare cyitwaga Paris.
Icyakora, uko imirwano yakomezaga gukaza umurego, FDLR yatangiye gushaka uburyo bwo kongera imbaraga. Aho ni ho havuye umubano wayo n’ingabo za RDC.
Muri Gicurasi 2022, habaye inama ikomeye mu Mujyi wa Pinga muri Teritwari ya Walikale yahuje ingabo za RDC n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro itandukanye. Iyo nama yabaye ku gitekerezo cya Gen Maj Peter Cirimwami Nkuba wari ushinzwe ibikorwa bya gisirikare muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru.
Abahagarariye FDLR bari muri iyo nama, kandi amakuru agaragaza ko ari ho hafatiwe umwanzuro wo gukorana ku mugaragaro hagati y’igisirikare cya RDC n’imitwe yitwaje intwaro irimo FDLR. Abari bahari basobanuriwe ko bafite umwanzi umwe ari we M23, ndetse basezeranywa ubufasha burimo imishahara n’ibikoresho bya gisirikare.
Nyuma y’iyo nama, ibikorwa by’ubufatanye hagati ya FARDC, FDLR n’imitwe ya Wazalendo byatangiye kugaragara ku rugamba. Kimwe mu byavuzwe cyane ni igitero cyagabwe mu mudugudu wa Nturo muri Teritwari ya Masisi mu Ukwakira 2023.
Icyo gitero cyarimo abasirikare badasanzwe ba FARDC bazwi nka Hiboux, abarwanyi ba CRAP bo muri FDLR ndetse n’abarwanyi ba Wazalendo. Ubuhamya bw’abaturage barokotse icyo gitero bwavugaga ko cyasize umudugudu utuwe n’Abanye-Congo benshi bo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi ushya ndetse abaturage benshi bahunga.
Nubwo ubu bufatanye bwakomeje kwaguka, ihuriro ry’ingabo za RDC, FDLR na Wazalendo ntiryabashije guhagarika intambwe za AFC/M23. Uyu mutwe wakomeje kwigarurira ibice byinshi muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, bituma abarwanyi ba FDLR bahungira mu bice bitandukanye bya Masisi na Walikale.
Amakuru y’iperereza akomeza kugaragaza ko n’ubu hari abarwanyi ba FDLR bakorera mu birindiro by’ingabo za RDC birimo Mubambiro hafi ya Goma, aho bavuga ko habera igenamigambi n’itegurwa ry’ibikorwa bya gisirikare.
Hari kandi amakuru agaragaza ko ubufatanye hagati ya FDLR na Leta ya Kinshasa bwageze ku rwego rwo hejuru kurusha mbere. Mu gihe kera ibikorwa byinshi byategurwaga n’abayobozi ba gisirikare bo mu Ntara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, ubu ngo hari uruhare rutaziguye rw’inzego zo hejuru muri Leta ya RDC.
Muri Werurwe 2026, Umugaba Mukuru Wungirije w’Ingabo za RDC ushinzwe ibikorwa n’iperereza, Gen Maj Jacques Nduru Ychaligonza, yasuye Kisangani avuga ko aje gutangiza ibikorwa byo gusenya FDLR.
Icyakora, nyuma y’ayo magambo, Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga n’Ubutwererane w’u Rwanda, Ambasaderi Olivier Nduhungirehe, yatangaje amakuru yavuze ko anyuranye n’iyo gahunda.
Yagize ati: “Ntihashize amasaha 48, ku itariki ya 31 bohereje indege za Walikale, zijya gutanga imbunda hafi 700 ku ba FDLR, za Mortiers, amafaranga, amasasu, babiha FDLR kandi bari bamaze gutangariza amahanga ko noneho babirahiriye, bagiye kurandura umutwe wa FDLR.”
Aya magambo yakomeje kongera impaka ku ruhare rwa Leta ya RDC mu mikoranire n’uyu mutwe ndetse no ku bushake bwo kuwusenya nk’uko byagiye bitangazwa mu bihe bitandukanye.
Mu rwego rwa politiki, amakuru akomeza kuvuga ko Perezida Félix Tshisekedi yakiriye inshuro nyinshi i Kinshasa abantu batandukanye barwanya ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda. Muri bo harimo Jean-Luc Habyarimana, umuhungu wa Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana, ndetse n’abandi banyapolitiki n’abahoze muri Leta y’u Rwanda baba mu mahanga.
Hari kandi amakuru avuga ko Tshisekedi yahuye n’abahoze mu buyobozi bwa FDLR barimo Faustin Murego wabaye umujyanama wa Ignace Murwanashyaka na Thaddée Kwitonda ukurikiranywe n’ubutabera bw’u Bubiligi ku byaha bifitanye isano na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Ibi byose byatumye ikibazo cya FDLR gikomeza kuba kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye by’umutekano muke mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari.
Mu gihe RDC ikomeje kuvuga ko ishaka kurandura uyu mutwe, andi makuru agaragaza ko hakiri ibimenyetso by’imikoranire hagati y’impande zombi. Ku rundi ruhande, u Rwanda rukomeza kugaragaza FDLR nk’ikibazo gikomeye cy’umutekano warwo, cyane cyane kubera amateka yayo, imikorere yayo n’intego yatangaje yo guhindura ubutegetsi i Kigali hakoreshejwe intwaro.
Tubibutse ko mushobora gukomeza kudukurikirana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
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