Mu gihe umwuka mubi ukomeje hagati y’u Rwanda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, kimwe mu bibazo bikomeje guteza impaka zikomeye ni inyito ya “Genocost”, ijambo ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Félix Tshisekedi bukomeje gushyira imbere ku rwego rw’imbere mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Leta ya RDC ivuga ko “Genocost” ari uburyo bwo kwita izina ubwicanyi, ihohoterwa n’amakuba byahitanye miliyoni z’Abanye-Congo mu myaka isaga 30 ishize, cyane cyane mu ntambara zifitanye isano no gusahura umutungo kamere w’icyo gihugu. Ku ruhande rwa Kinshasa, ayo makuba akwiriye kwemerwa nka Jenoside kandi agahabwa umwanya nk’uwahawe izindi Jenoside zemewe ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Icyakora, u Rwanda n’abasesenguzi benshi bavuga ko iyi nyito irimo gukoreshwa nk’igikoresho cya politiki kigamije kuyobya uburari ku bibazo by’imbere muri RDC, gukuraho inshingano z’ubutegetsi bwa Kinshasa mu bibazo bimaze imyaka myinshi byugarije igihugu no kugerageza guhindura cyangwa gupfobya amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Iki kibazo cyarushijeho gufata indi ntera mu gihe amakimbirane akomeje mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC, aho Kinshasa ishinja u Rwanda gushyigikira AFC/M23, mu gihe Kigali ivuga ko ikibazo nyamukuru gikomeje kwirengagizwa ari umutwe wa FDLR ugizwe n’abasize bakoze Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ndetse n’ingengabitekerezo y’urwango ikomeje gukwirakwizwa muri icyo gihugu.
Nubwo ubu “Genocost” iri mu magambo akunze gukoreshwa n’abayobozi bakuru ba RDC, amateka yayo ni mashya ugereranyije n’ibindi byaha mpuzamahanga bizwi.
Mu mwaka wa 2013, ihuriro ry’abarwanashyaka ryitwa Congolese Action Youth Platform (CAYP) ryatangije iyi nyito i Londres. Iri jambo ryahanzwe hifashishijwe amagambo abiri y’Icyongereza ari yo “genocide” na “cost”, hagamijwe kuvuga ubwicanyi bwakozwe kubera inyungu z’ubukungu.
Abo barwanashyaka banahisemo tariki ya 2 Kanama nk’umunsi wo kwibuka ibyo bita ibyaha byakorewe RDC kuva mu myaka ya 1990. Iyo tariki bayihuje n’itangira ry’intambara ya kabiri ya Congo ndetse n’ikorwa rya Rassemblement congolais pour la démocratie (RCD) mu 1998.
Nyamara no muri RDC ubwaho, nta bwumvikane buhari ku gihe nyacyo “Genocost” yagombye guheraho. Hari abayihuza n’umwaka wa 1998, abandi bakavuga 1996 ubwo Laurent-Désiré Kabila yatangizaga AFDL, mu gihe ikigega cya Leta cya Fonarev cyo kivuga ko amateka yayo agomba gutangirira mu 1993.
Uku kutumvikana ku gihe nyacyo, ku bagize uruhare mu byaha ndetse no ku matsinda yaba yaribasiwe, ni imwe mu mpamvu zituma impuguke nyinshi zibaza niba koko “Genocost” ishobora gusobanurwa nka Jenoside nk’uko amategeko mpuzamahanga ayisobanura.
Ku ruhande rwa Leta ya RDC, “Genocost” ifatwa nk’urugamba rwo guha icyubahiro no guharanira ubutabera abaturage babuze ubuzima, abagore bafashwe ku ngufu, abimuwe mu byabo n’ababaye impunzi imbere mu gihugu cyabo.
Abashyigikiye iyi nyito bavuga ko amakimbirane yo muri RDC ataterwa gusa n’ibibazo by’amoko cyangwa ibibazo bya politiki y’imbere mu gihugu, ahubwo ko bifitanye isano n’inyungu z’amahanga mu mutungo kamere wa Congo.
Mu mwaka wa 2023, nyuma y’uko “Genocost” yinjijwe mu mategeko ya RDC binyuze mu itegeko ryo ku wa 26 Ukuboza 2022 ryashyizeho Fonarev, Perezida Félix Tshisekedi yayoboye umuhango wa mbere wa Leta wo kuyibuka.
Mu mwaka wa 2025, ubutegetsi bwa RDC bwafunguye urwibutso rwa mbere rwa “Genocost” ndetse butangaza gahunda yo kubaka izindi nzibutso esheshatu hirya no hino mu gihugu.
Tshisekedi kandi yakomeje kugeza iki kibazo mu Muryango w’Abibumbye no mu zindi nzego mpuzamahanga, asaba ko amahanga yemera ko ibyabereye muri RDC ari Jenoside.
U Rwanda rwagiye rugaragaza ko rutahakana uburemere bw’amakuba yibasiye RDC cyangwa ububabare abaturage bayo banyuzemo.
Icyakora, Kigali ivuga ko ikibazo kiri mu kugerageza guha ayo makuba inyito ya Jenoside hadakurikijwe ibisobanuro by’amategeko mpuzamahanga.
Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Olivier Nduhungirehe, yigeze gusobanura ko Jenoside atari ijambo umuntu ashobora gukoresha uko abyifuza.
Yavuze ko amategeko mpuzamahanga asobanura neza icyo Jenoside ari cyo, kandi ko ibyaha by’ubukungu, gusahura umutungo, ruswa, kunyereza umutungo wa rubanda cyangwa imiyoborere mibi bifite ibisobanuro byabyo byihariye.
U Rwanda ruvuga ko nubwo abantu benshi bishwe muri RDC, ibyo ubwabyo bidahita bihindura ayo makuba Jenoside.
Mu mategeko mpuzamahanga, Jenoside isaba kugaragaza umugambi wo kurimbura nkana itsinda runaka ririnzwe n’amategeko kubera ubwoko bwaryo, irangamimerere yaryo cyangwa idini ryaryo.
Iyo uwo mugambi udashobora kugaragazwa, ibyaha bishobora gufatwa nk’ibyaha by’intambara cyangwa ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, ariko ntibyahita byitwa Jenoside.
Kimwe mu bintu byakomeje kunengwa cyane ni uburyo Fonarev isobanura “Genocost”.
Mu nyandiko zayo, Fonarev yagiye ivuga ko ubwo bwicanyi bwakorewe “Abanye-Congo” bwateguwe n’abo yita “Abatutsi bo mu Rwanda, Uganda n’u Burundi.”
Abasesenguzi benshi n’u Rwanda bavuga ko imvugo nk’iyi ishobora guteza ikibazo gikomeye kuko ishyira icyaha ku bwoko aho kugishyira ku bantu ku giti cyabo cyangwa ku mitwe yaba yarakoze ibyaha.
Ibi bibaye mu gihe mu Burasirazuba bwa RDC hakomeje kugaragara ibikorwa byibasira Abanye-Congo bavuga Ikinyarwanda, cyane cyane Abatutsi.
Mu bihe bitandukanye hagaragaye amashusho n’ubuhamya bwerekana abantu bakorerwa urugomo, bagatwikwa cyangwa bakicwa bazira inkomoko yabo cyangwa uko bakekwa.
U Rwanda ruvuga ko ibi bituma kwiyitirira urugamba rwo kurwanya Jenoside mu gihe hari imvugo z’urwango zikomeje gukwirakwizwa imbere mu gihugu bisa no kwivuguruza.
Umuvugizi w’Ibiro by’Umukuru w’Igihugu, Stephanie Nyombayire, yigeze kuvuga ko ubutegetsi bwa Kinshasa buri “guhimba Jenoside” kugira ngo buhishe ibibazo byabwo bwite.
Yavuze ko abaturage benshi bapfuye kandi bagikomeje gupfa kubera imiyoborere mibi, intege nke z’inzego z’umutekano n’ubuyobozi bushyira inyungu za politiki imbere y’umutekano w’abaturage.
Ubukangurambaga bwo kwamamaza “Genocost” ku rwego mpuzamahanga bwiyongereye cyane mu gihe intambara hagati ya FARDC na AFC/M23 yarushagaho gukaza umurego.
Abasesenguzi bamwe bavuga ko uburyo iyi nyito ikoreshwa bushobora kuba bugamije gushyira ububabare bw’Abanye-Congo ku rwego rungana cyangwa ruruta ubwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Umushakashatsi Pierre Boisselet wo mu Kigo Ebuteli yigeze kuvuga ko ubu buryo bushobora kuba bugamije kugabanya uburemere bwihariye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ifite ku rwego rw’amateka n’ubutabera mpuzamahanga.
Impuguke mu mategeko mpuzamahanga nazo zagaragaje ko gukoresha inyito itarigeze yemerwa cyangwa ngo isobanurwe mu buryo buzwi n’amategeko bishobora guteza ibibazo mu kuyishyira mu bikorwa no kuyemereza ibindi bihugu.
Kuri Kigali, niba hari ibyaha byakorewe muri RDC, bikwiye gukorwaho iperereza ryigenga, ababigizemo uruhare bagashyikirizwa ubutabera, aho gukoresha amagambo mashya ashobora guhinduka ibikoresho bya politiki.
Ikindi gitangaje ni uko na bamwe mu batangije “Genocost” batangiye kunenga uburyo Leta ya Tshisekedi iyikoresha.
Ihuriro CAYP ryatangije iyi nyito ryagaragaje ko ubukangurambaga bwa Leta bwibanda cyane ku nama, ibiganiro n’ibikorwa byo kwiyerekana, aho kwita ku mibereho y’abahuye n’ingaruka z’intambara.
Hari n’abibaza uburyo ubutegetsi buvuga ko bushaka ubutabera ku byaha byo mu ntambara kandi burimo bamwe mu banyapolitiki bavugwaho uruhare mu makimbirane yo hambere.
Urugero rukunze gutangwa ni urwa Jean-Pierre Bemba, umwe mu banyapolitiki bakomeye muri Leta ya Tshisekedi, ariko uvugwa kenshi mu mateka y’intambara zabaye muri Congo.
Abandi bavuga ko gushaka ubutabera bidakwiye kunyura mu guhindura amateka, gutwerera ibyaha amoko cyangwa kugerageza guhangana n’amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ifite amateka azwi, umugambi wayo waranditswe, ibikorwa by’urwango byayibanjirije birazwi, abayishyize mu bikorwa baramenyekanye kandi yemejwe n’inkiko mpuzamahanga.
Ni yo mpamvu abakurikiranira hafi iki kibazo bavuga ko kugereranya ayo mateka n’inyito nshya itaramenyekana mu mategeko mpuzamahanga bishobora gufatwa nk’uburyo bwo kugoreka amateka cyangwa gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
Tubibutse ko mushobora gukomeza kudukurikirana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
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