Afurika ni umwe mu migabane ifite amateka akomeye kurusha indi yose ku isi, ariko kenshi ayo mateka akagenda asimbuzwa inkuru zaciye intege isura yayo mu maso y’amahanga. Uyu mugabane ufite abaturage barenga miliyari na miliyoni magana abiri, umutungo kamere utagereranywa n’ahandi, ndetse n’umuco ukungahaye wagiye uhererekanywa uko ibihe byagiye bisimburana.
Nubwo bimeze bityo, hari byinshi ku mateka ya Afurika bitigeze bigera ku baturage bayo ndetse n’isi muri rusange, harimo n’inkuru y’izina ryayo. Ibyo benshi bita Afurika uyu munsi, si ryo zina ryayo rya mbere, ahubwo ni izina ryaje nyuma y’amateka maremare yagiye ayigira uko imeze ubu.
Mu bihe bya kera cyane, mbere y’uko abakoloni bagera kuri uyu mugabane, Afurika yari izwi ku mazina atandukanye bitewe n’aho abantu baturukaga n’icyo bayibonagamo.
Abanyamisiri ba kera bayitaga “Kemet,” izina ryagaragazaga ubutaka bw’umukara burumbuka. Abagiriki bayise “Azania,” mu gihe Abarabu bayitaga “Ifriqiya,” naho Abaroma bakayita “Africa Terra,” ari na ryo ryaje kuvamo izina “Afurika” rikoreshwa kugeza ubu.
Ariko muri ayo mazina yose, hari irirenze ayandi mu buremere bwaryo mu mateka y’Abanyafurika ubwabo: Alkebulan. Iri zina ni ryo ryakoreshwaga n’abatuye uyu mugabane mbere y’uko abaturutse hanze ya wo bawuhindurira amazina.
Umuhanga mu mateka ukomoka muri Sénégal, Cheikh Anta Diop, yanditse mu gitabo cye Kemetic History of Afrika ko Alkebulan risobanura “ubusitani bw’Imana” cyangwa “mama w’ikiremwamuntu.” Ibi bisobanuro bihura n’inyandiko nyinshi zo mu mateka ya kera, cyane cyane iz’Abanyamisiri n’Abanya-Ethiopia, zerekana ko kuri ubu butaka ari ho ubuzima bwatangiriye.
Iyo usesenguye neza aya mateka, usanga Afurika atari umugabane wasigaye inyuma nk’uko bamwe bagiye babivuga, ahubwo ari ho habereye intangiriro y’ibintu byinshi by’ingenzi ku isi. Ni ho havukiye imico, indimi, ubuhinzi, ndetse n’imyemerere yagiye igira uruhare mu kubaka isi tuzi uyu munsi.
Ariko nyuma y’ibi bihe by’ubwiza n’iterambere, haje igihe cyahinduye byinshi: ubukoloni. Ibihugu by’i Burayi byatangiye kwinjira muri Afurika birayigabiza, biyitirira ubutaka bwabyo, ndetse bihindura byinshi mu byari biyiranga, harimo n’amazina.
Ijambo “Afurika” ryakomotse ku Baroma ni ryo ryashyizwe imbere, mu gihe amazina nka Alkebulan yasigaye mu mateka atavugwa cyane.
Ibi byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo Abanyafurika birebaga n’uko isi yababonaga. Amateka yabo yarahinduwe, indangagaciro zabo ziteshwa agaciro, maze bamwe batangira kwemera ko iterambere ryatangiriye hanze y’umugabane wabo.
Gusa uko imyaka ishira indi igataha, hari kongera kubaho kwiyubaka mu mitekerereze y’Abanyafurika, bashaka gusubira ku nkomoko yabo no gusobanukirwa amateka yabo nyakuri. Ibi bigaragarira mu bushakashatsi, mu bitabo, no mu biganiro bigamije gusubiza agaciro ku byari byaribagiranye.
Kumenya ko Afurika yahoze yitwa Alkebulan si inkuru isanzwe gusa, ahubwo ni urufunguzo rwo gusobanukirwa inkomoko y’umugabane, agaciro kawo, n’uruhare rufite mu mateka y’isi. Ni ubutumwa bushishikariza Abanyafurika n’isi yose kureba uyu mugabane mu yindi sura, itari iyo guharanira kuwukoresha gusa, ahubwo no kuwusobanukirwa no kuwubaha.
Mu gihe isi ikomeje guhinduka, amateka nk’aya ni ingenzi mu gufasha ibisekuru bizaza kumenya aho byaturutse, kugira ngo bibashe kumenya aho bigana.
Tubibutse ko mushobora gukomeza kudukurikirana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
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