Ikibazo cy’inzoga muri Uganda kirimo kugera no ku bana bato, aho raporo ku ikoreshwa ry’inzoga muri icyo gihugu igaragaza ko imyaka yo gutangira kuyinywa ishobora kuba hafi ku munani.
Ibi bijyana n’umubare munini w’inzoga zinyobwa mu gihugu ndetse n’ingaruka zirimo indwara z’umwijima, impanuka zo mu muhanda n’indwara za kanseri. Raporo kandi igaragaza ko abagabo ari bo bafite uruhare runini mu kunywa inzoga ugereranyije n’abagore.
Raporo yiswe Uganda Alcohol Report 2022, yakozwe ku bufatanye bw’abashakashatsi n’inzego z’abanyamwuga mu bijyanye n’inzoga muri Uganda, irimo amakuru n’imibare ishingiye ku makuru ya WHO. UAPA ivuga ko iyi raporo yakozwe na Dr David Kalema, igatanga ishusho y’ikibazo cy’inzoga n’ingaruka zacyo muri Uganda.
Abana batangira kunywa inzoga bakiri bato
Kimwe mu bintu bikomeye byagaragajwe ni uko imyaka yo gutangira kunywa inzoga mu bana bato ivugwa ko ari umunani.
Ibi bivuze ko ikibazo kitagarukira ku bantu bakuru gusa, ahubwo ko hari impungenge z’uko abana bashobora kugera ku nzoga bakiri mu myaka y’amashuri.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mbere mu mashuri yisumbuye muri Uganda na bwo bwagaragaje ubukana bw’iki kibazo. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe ku banyeshuri bafite hagati y’imyaka 12 na 24 bwagaragaje ko 70.1% bari barigeze gukoresha inzoga cyangwa ibindi biyobyabwenge.
53% batangira kunywa mbere y’imyaka 18
Raporo kandi ivuga ko 53% by’abanywa inzoga batangiye kuyinywa bataruzuza imyaka 18, ibintu bishyira ikibazo cy’inzoga mu rwego rw’ibibazo bishobora kugira ingaruka ku rubyiruko no ku hazaza h’igihugu.
Ibi bishimangira impungenge z’abashakashatsi ku kuba abana n’urubyiruko bashobora kubona inzoga bitabagoye, cyane cyane ahantu inzoga zicururizwa hafi y’aho batuye cyangwa biga.
Uganda inywa litiro miliyoni 110.6
Raporo ya Uganda Alcohol Report ivuga ko buri mwaka muri Uganda hakoreshwa hafi litiro miliyoni 110.6 z’inzoga.
Imibare yatangajwe ku bijyanye no kunywa inzoga igaragaza kandi ko Uganda iri mu bihugu bya Afurika bifite urugero ruri hejuru rw’inzoga zinyobwa. Raporo n’ibindi bitangazamakuru byifashishije imibare ya WHO byagaragaje ko umuturage umwe ashobora kunywa impuzandengo ya litiro 12.21 z’inzoga itavangiye ku mwaka.
Mu mibare yatangajwe, abagabo bagaragara nk’abanywi benshi kurusha abagore, aho abagabo bari hafi 49% mu gihe abagore bari hafi 24%.
Inzoga zisanzwe ni zo ziganjemo isoko
Raporo igaragaza ko igice kinini cy’abanywa inzoga muri Uganda kidahitamo cyane inzoga za liqueur cyangwa izindi nzoga zidasanzwe, ahubwo hakaba harimo umubare munini w’abakoresha inzoga zisanzwe.
Ikindi kibazo gikomeye ni uko igice kinini cy’inzoga zikoreshwa muri Uganda gishobora kuba ari izitemewe cyangwa zikorwa hanze y’inzira zisanzwe zigenzurwa. Raporo ya Uganda Alcohol Report ivuga ko miliyoni nyinshi za litiro z’inzoga zo muri iki gihugu ziri mu cyiciro cy’inzoga zitemewe.
Ibi bituma ikibazo kitaba icy’ubuzima rusange gusa, ahubwo kikaba n’ikibazo cy’umutekano w’abaguzi, imisoro ndetse n’igenzura ry’ibicuruzwa.
Inzoga zifitanye isano n’impfu z’ibihumbi
Ingaruka z’ubusinzi ntizigarukira ku mibare y’abanywa gusa. Imibare ishingiye ku makuru ya WHO ivuga ko inzoga zifitanye isano n’impfu 2,861 z’indwara z’umwijima, 3,900 z’impanuka zo mu muhanda, ndetse na 1,500 z’indwara za kanseri muri Uganda.
Iyo mibare itanga ishusho y’uko inzoga zishobora kugira uruhare mu bibazo bikomeye by’ubuzima ndetse n’umutekano wo mu muhanda.
Abaganga n’abashakashatsi bagaragaza ko gukomeza kunywa inzoga nyinshi bishobora kwangiza umwijima, kandi ikibazo kikaba gikomeye kurushaho iyo umuntu yatangiye kunywa akiri muto.
Leta irashaka kugabanya igihe inzoga zibonekamo
Mu rwego rwo kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’inzoga, Uganda yagiye iganisha kuri politiki igamije kugenzura igihe n’ahantu inzoga zicururizwa.
Ibyifuzo by’amategeko yo kugenzura inzoga byagiye biteganya amasaha ntarengwa yo kugurisha inzoga, ndetse n’ibihano ku barenga ku mabwiriza. Ibi bigaragaza ko ikibazo cy’ubusinzi cyatangiye gufatwa nk’ikibazo gisaba ingamba za Leta, aho kuba ikibazo cy’umuntu ku giti cye gusa.
Intambwe igikomeye ni ukurinda abana
Kugabanya uburyo abana bagerwaho n’inzoga ni imwe mu ngingo z’ingenzi mu guhangana n’iki kibazo. Iyo umwana atangiye kunywa inzoga akiri muto, ikibazo gishobora kugira ingaruka ku myigire, imyitwarire, ubuzima ndetse n’imibanire ye mu gihe kiri imbere.
Ku gihugu nka Uganda, aho inzoga zifite uruhare runini mu bukungu ariko zikaba zifite n’ingaruka zikomeye ku buzima, ikibazo kiri mu gushaka uburinganire hagati y’ubucuruzi bw’inzoga n’uburyo bwo kurinda abaturage, cyane cyane abana n’urubyiruko.
Imibare itanga isomo ku karere
Ikibazo cya Uganda gifite n’icyo kivuze ku bihugu bihana imbibi na yo, kuko ikoreshwa ry’inzoga n’ingaruka zaryo ari ikibazo cyambukiranya imipaka.
WHO n’inzego zishinzwe ubuzima ku isi zisaba ibihugu gushyira imbere ingamba zigabanya ikoreshwa ry’inzoga n’ingaruka zazo, binyuze mu kugenzura ibicuruzwa, kwamamaza, kugurisha ku bana no gutwara ibinyabiziga wasinze.
