Urwego rw’uburezi mu Rwanda rukomeje kugaragaza impinduka zikomeye zishingiye ku kongera amahirwe yo kwiga ku bana bose no ku bantu bakuze baba baracikanywe n’amashuri mu bihe bitandukanye.
Nubwo igihugu kimaze kugera ku rwego rushimishije mu kubaka amashuri no korohereza abaturage kuyageraho, imibare mishya igaragaza ko hari abantu ibihumbi byinshi bakiri mu mashuri abanza kandi baramaze kurenza imyaka yagenewe kuyigamo.
Mu Rwanda rwa none, kubona ishuri ribanza hafi y’aho abaturage batuye byabaye ibintu bisanzwe. Mu tugari twinshi usanga hari nibura ibigo bibiri by’amashuri abanza, mu gihe imidugudu hafi ya yose ifite amarerero afasha abana gutangira urugendo rw’uburezi bakiri bato. Ibi byatumye umubare munini w’abana batangira amashuri ku gihe ugenda wiyongera, nubwo hakiri bamwe bacikanywe n’uburezi kubera ibibazo by’imibereho cyangwa izindi mpamvu.
Ibi bijyana n’icyerekezo cy’u Rwanda cya 2050, igihugu cyihaye intego yo kuzaba kiri mu bihugu byateye imbere aho biteganyijwe ko Umunyarwanda azaba yinjiza amadolari 12.476 ku mwaka. Kugera kuri iyo ntego bisaba abaturage bafite ubumenyi n’ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikorwa bibateza imbere kandi bikazamura ubukungu bw’igihugu muri rusange.
Imibare y’umwaka w’amashuri wa 2024/2025 igaragaza ko abanyeshuri barenga miliyoni 4,8 bigaga mu nzego zose z’uburezi mu Rwanda. Muri abo, abarenga miliyoni 2,9 bari mu mashuri abanza, bigaragaza ko ari urwego rugifite umubare munini w’abanyeshuri kurusha izindi nzego.
Raporo y’ibikorwa bya Minisiteri y’Uburezi igaragaza ko igipimo cy’abinjira mu mashuri abanza hatitawe ku myaka bafite cyageze kuri 144,8%, kivuye kuri 148,2% cyariho mu mwaka wabanje. Abana binjira mu mashuri bafite imyaka yagenwe iri hagati ya 6 na 11 bo bageze kuri 95,8%, bavuye kuri 95%.
Nubwo iyi mibare yerekana ko abana benshi batangira amashuri ku gihe, iragaragaza kandi ko hari umubare munini w’abakiri mu mashuri abanza kandi bafite imyaka iri hejuru cyane y’iyagenewe kuyigamo.
Abanyeshuri bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 12 na 14 biga mu mashuri abanza bagera kuri 807.975. Abafite imyaka iri hagati ya 15 na 17 ni 255.548. Ikigaragara cyane ni uko hari abanyeshuri 25.498 bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 18 na 22 bakiri mu mashuri abanza, mu gihe abandi 1.251 bamaze kurenza imyaka 22 na bo bagikurikirana amasomo yo kuri uru rwego.
Ibi bivuze ko muri rusange abantu 26.749 bafite imyaka 18 kuzamura bakiri mu mashuri abanza, ibintu bigaragaza ko uburezi bw’u Rwanda bwafunguye amarembo ku bantu bose batitaye ku myaka yabo.
No mu cyiciro rusange cy’amashuri yisumbuye hagaragara abanyeshuri benshi barengeje imyaka isanzwe y’abagenewe kuhiga. Abafite imyaka iri hagati ya 18 na 22 ni 116.619, mu gihe abarengeje imyaka 22 ari 1.940.
Impamvu zituma bamwe batinda mu mashuri zirimo ubukene, kwimuka, ibibazo by’imiryango, gusibira inshuro nyinshi cyangwa kuba barigeze gucika ishuri bakazasubirayo nyuma.
Inkuru ya Gumyusenge Jean Pierre ni urugero rugaragaza uburyo abantu bamwe bahisemo kongera gufata ikaramu n’amakayi nyuma y’imyaka myinshi bavuye mu ishuri.
Uyu mugabo w’imyaka 42 ubu yiga mu mwaka wa mbere w’amashuri yisumbuye mu Rwunge rw’Amashuri rwa Ntora. Mu mwaka wa 2000 yavuye mu ishuri ageze mu mwaka wa gatatu w’amashuri abanza kubera ubushobozi buke bw’umuryango we.
Yavuze ko icyo gihe yabonaga ababyeyi be badashoboye gukomeza kumufasha kubona ibikoresho n’ibindi byari bikenewe kugira ngo yige neza, ahitamo gushaka imibereho aho gukomeza kubabera umutwaro.
Yagize ati: “Ku myaka 12 nahingaga mu mubande, njya ku mugende.”
Nyuma yo kuva iwabo akajya i Kigali gushaka ubuzima, Gumyusenge yarakuze, yubaka urugo ndetse aba umubyeyi. Icyakora, uko abana be batangiraga kujya ku ishuri na we yatangiye kumva ko hari ikintu cy’ingenzi yabuze mu buzima bwe.
Mu 2019, afite imyaka 35, yafashe icyemezo gikomeye cyo gusubira mu ishuri. Yavuze ko kimwe mu byamushishikarije cyane ari ubushake bwo gufasha abana be mu masomo.
Ati: “Nkumva mfite ishyaka ryo gufasha abana banjye gusubiramo amasomo, abana banzanira umukoro nkabona ibintu byose biri mu Cyongereza kandi njye mu gihe nigaga ururimi rw’amahanga nari narize yari ‘verbe être na avoir’ bituma mvuga ngo ninsubira mu ishuri nkwiye gusubira inyuma ho umwaka umwe nkajya mu wa kabiri.”
Uyu mugabo avuga ko intego ye ari ukurangiza amashuri ndetse akazaba umurezi, umwuga yumva wamufasha gutanga umusanzu mu guteza imbere uburezi bw’abato n’abakuru.
Nubwo yishimira aho ageze, avuga ko kwiga uri mukuru cyane bifite ibibazo byihariye. Hari abantu benshi bagira amakenga cyangwa bakabura kwizera ko umuntu ukuze ashobora kuba yicaye ku ntebe y’ishuri agamije kwiga nk’abandi.
Yagize ati: “Icyita rusange bahuriraho kuva natangira mu mashuri abanza, sindabona abantu bemeranywa nanjye koko ko ndi kwiga ndi umunyeshuri, ahubwo bumva ko ndi umukozi wa Leta mu buryo bwa maneko kuko n’ubu hari abarimu bakibimbaza. No muri iki gihembwe turi gusoza hari abarimu babiri babimbajije.”
Nubwo bimeze bityo, Gumyusenge akomeje urugendo rwe yizera ko uburezi budafite imyaka. Inkuru ye ihura n’ubutumwa bwatangiye kumvikana cyane mu Rwanda bw’uko umuntu wese ashobora kwiga igihe cyose abishakiye kandi akabona amahirwe yo kwiteza imbere.
Imibare iheruka kandi igaragaza ko umubare w’abakuze biga mu mashuri abanza ugenda ugabanuka. Mu mwaka wa 2023/2024 abarengeje imyaka isanzwe yo kwiga amashuri abanza barengaga miliyoni 1,7, mu gihe mu 2024/2025 bageze kuri miliyoni 1,6.
Mu cyiciro rusange cy’amashuri yisumbuye, abarengeje imyaka yagenewe kuhiga bavuye ku 482.394 mu 2023/2024 bagera kuri 450.213 mu 2024/2025.
Icyakora, mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy’amashuri yisumbuye hagaragaye izamuka, aho abarengeje imyaka isanzwe yo kuhiga bavuye ku 156.288 mu mwaka wa 2023/2024 bakagera ku 166.363 mu mwaka wa 2024/2025.
Iyi mibare igaragaza ko nubwo u Rwanda rumaze gutera intambwe ikomeye mu gutuma abana benshi batangira amashuri ku gihe, hakiri urugendo rwo gufasha abacikanywe n’uburezi kurangiza amasomo yabo. Nanone kandi, irerekana ko umuco wo kwiga ubuzima bwose ugenda ushyirwa mu bikorwa, aho abantu benshi basubira ku ntebe y’ishuri bafite intego yo kwiyubaka no guteza imbere igihugu.
Ku bantu nka Gumyusenge, ishuri ntabwo ari ahantu h’abana gusa. Ni urubuga rwo kongera kubaka inzozi zasubitswe n’ubuzima, kwagura ubumenyi no kwerekana ko imyaka idashobora kuba inzitizi ku muntu ushaka kwiga no kugera ku ntego ze.
Tubibutse ko mushobora gukomeza kudukurikirana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
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