Mu mujyi wa Kigali no mu yindi mijyi iri kwaguka mu Rwanda, imyumvire y’uko kubona akazi bihita bisobanura ubuzima bwiza iri kugenda ihinduka bucece. Uko imyaka ishira, hagenda hagaragara icyiciro cy’abaturage bafite akazi gahoraho, ariko imibereho yabo igakomeza kuba mibi cyangwa igahora ku rwego rwo hasi, ibintu abasesenguzi bita “abakora ariko bakennye”.
Niyonzima Jean (izina ryahinduwe), umwe mu bakozi bakorera mu bigo byigenga mu mujyi wa Kigali, ni urugero rugaragaza neza iyi shusho.
Ahembwa ibihumbi 150 Frw ku kwezi, ariko avuga ko ayo mafaranga adahagije mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Ati: “Iyo umaze kwishyura ubukode, transport n’ibiribwa, usanga nta gisigaye. Hari igihe usanga ukeneye kwifashisha inshuti cyangwa inguzanyo kugira ngo urangize ukwezi.”
Ubuhamya bwe buhuza n’ibigaragazwa n’imibare y’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare (NISR), igaragaza ko nubwo umubare w’abafite akazi ukomeje kwiyongera, hari igice kinini cyabo kidafite ubushobozi bwo guhaza iby’ibanze. Mu 2025, abantu bafite imyaka 16 kuzamura bashoboye gukora akazi bari miliyoni 8,5, muri bo miliyoni 4,8 bafite akazi, mu gihe abashomeri bari ibihumbi 676.
Nubwo ubushomeri bwagabanyutse bugera kuri 12,4% buvuye kuri 14,9% mu 2024, imibereho y’abafite akazi ntiyajyanye n’iri zamuka. Imibare igaragaza ko 36% by’abakozi binjiza munsi y’ibihumbi 30 Frw ku kwezi, mu gihe abinjiza ibihumbi 100 Frw kuzamura ari 20,8% gusa.
Iyo usesenguye uburyo amafaranga yinjizwa, usanga ikibazo atari ukubura akazi gusa, ahubwo ari n’uburyo aka kazi gahemba. Impuzandengo y’amafaranga yinjizwa ku isaha mu Rwanda yageze kuri 723 Frw mu 2025. Mu rwego rwa serivisi, ari rwo rwiganje mu mijyi, abakozi binjiza agera kuri 1.100 Frw ku isaha. Mu nganda ni 849 Frw, mu gihe mu buhinzi ari 408 Frw ku isaha.
Nubwo 1.100 Frw ku isaha bisa nk’aho ari amafaranga agaragara neza, iyo ubishyize mu mibereho yo mu mujyi, usanga bidahagije. Ubuzima bwo mu mijyi bushingira ku bintu bitatu by’ingenzi: ubukode, transport n’ibiribwa, byose byazamutse ku buryo bugaragara mu myaka mike ishize.
Ibiciro by’amazu mu mujyi wa Kigali byazamutse cyane cyane mu bice byo mu mujyi rwagati n’ahawukikije, bituma abantu benshi bahitamo kwimukira kure y’aho bakorera. Ibi bituma amafaranga y’ingendo yiyongera, cyane cyane ko ibikomoka kuri peteroli na byo byazamutse, bigahita bigira ingaruka ku biciro bya transport.
Iyo ubukode, transport n’ibiribwa bifashe igice kinini cy’umushahara, bisiga umukozi nta bushobozi bwo kwizigamira cyangwa gutera imbere. Ibi bituma n’ufite akazi aba asa n’uri mu bukene butagaragara neza.
Ku rwego rw’igihugu, inzego zishinzwe ubukungu zikomeza kugaragaza ko ubukungu bw’u Rwanda buri kuzamuka, ndetse n’ibice byinshi birimo ubukerarugendo bikomeje kwinjiza amafaranga menshi.
Mu 2025, u Rwanda rwakiriye ba mukerarugendo miliyoni 1,49, rwinjiza arenga miliyoni 685 z’amadolari ya Amerika, mu gihe ibikorwa by’inama n’amamurikabikorwa byinjije miliyoni 93,7$.
Ibi bigaragaza iterambere ku rwego rw’imibare, ariko ntibisobanura byanze bikunze ko buri muturage abibonamo inyungu. Izamuka ry’ibiciro, cyane cyane ku biribwa n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli, rikomeje kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kugura bw’abaturage.
Abasesenguzi mu by’ubukungu bagaragaza ko ikibazo cy’abafite akazi ariko bakennye giterwa n’impamvu zitandukanye zirimo umushahara udatumbereye ugereranyije n’ibiciro, akazi kadatanga umutekano uhamye, ndetse n’izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibikenerwa bya buri munsi.
Ibi si ikibazo cy’u Rwanda gusa. Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, imiryango mpuzamahanga igaragaza ko iki kibazo kiri kwiyongera cyane cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere, aho ubukungu bushobora kuzamuka ariko inyungu zabwo ntizisakare ku baturage bose.
Mu buzima busanzwe bwo mu mujyi, ibi bigaragara mu buryo butaziguye: abantu bambaye neza, bagiye ku kazi buri munsi, ariko inyuma y’iyo sura hari urugamba rwo guhangana n’ibiciro bya buri munsi.
Kubura ubushobozi bwo kwizigamira bituma abantu batagira umutekano w’igihe kirekire, bigatera ihungabana mu buzima bwo mu mutwe ndetse bikagabanya amahirwe yo gutera imbere.
Iyo iki kibazo gikomeje kwiyongera, kigira n’ingaruka ku bukungu bw’igihugu muri rusange, kuko ubushobozi bwo kugura bw’abaturage bugabanuka, bikagira ingaruka ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu.
Ibi byose bigaragaza ko kuba ufite akazi bitakivuze ko ufite ubuzima bwiza. Ahubwo byahindutse intangiriro y’urugamba rwo guhangana n’ibiciro no gushaka uko ubaho umunsi ku wundi.
Ikibazo gikomeye si ukongera umubare w’abafite akazi gusa, ahubwo ni ukureba niba ako kazi gatuma ubuzima bwabo burushaho kuba bwiza.
Niba nta gihindutse ku isano iri hagati y’umushahara n’ibiciro by’isoko, umubare w’abafite akazi ariko bakennye ushobora gukomeza kwiyongera, bigahinduka ikibazo gikomeye cyihishe inyuma y’imibare igaragaza iterambere ry’ubukungu.
Tubibutse ko mushobora gukomeza kudukurikirana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
Kanda hano udukurikirane kuri Facebook, Hano udukurikirane kuri WhatsApp
