Guverinoma y’u Rwanda irimo kwihutisha gahunda yo kwigira mu bijyanye n’ingufu, aho iteganya ko mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2028 Abanyarwanda bazatangira gukoresha gaz méthane ikuwe mu Kiyaga cya Kivu mu guteka, igikorwa gitegerejweho impinduka zikomeye mu mibereho no mu bukungu bw’igihugu.
Ibi byatangajwe n’Umunyamabanga wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’Ibikorwaremezo, Amb. Uwihanganye Jean de Dieu, mu kiganiro yagiranye n’itangazamakuru ku wa 5 Mata 2026, cyanitabiriwe na Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi n’Inganda, Sebahizi Prudence.
Yagaragaje ko uyu mushinga ugeze kure ushyirwa mu bikorwa, ku buryo abaturage benshi bazatangira kubona gaz yo gutekesha mu myaka ibiri iri imbere.
Umushinga wo kubyaza umusaruro gaz méthane yo mu Kivu watangiye mu buryo bugaragara mu 2019, ubwo Leta y’u Rwanda yasinyanaga amasezerano y’imyaka 25 na sosiyete Gasmeth Energy, ifite inshingano zo gucukura no gutunganya uyu mutungo kamere.
Biteganyijwe ko iyi sosiyete izajya icukura metero kibe zigera kuri miliyoni 40 ku munsi, bikazafasha kugeza gaz ku ngo ziri hagati y’ibihumbi 300 na 400.
Mu gushyira mu bikorwa uyu mushinga, tariki ya 18 Kanama 2022, hashyizwe ibuye ry’ifatizo ry’uruganda ruzatunganya gaz mu Murenge wa Bwishyura mu Karere ka Karongi, ibikorwa byahise bitangira ku mugaragaro.
Kuri ubu, imirimo irarimbanyije kandi igeze ku rwego rushimishije, aho abayobozi bavuga ko nta gihindutse intego ya 2028 izagerwaho.
Amb. Uwihanganye yagaragaje ko gaz yo mu Kivu ifite ubushobozi bwo gukoreshwa mu bintu byinshi birimo gutanga umuriro w’amashanyarazi ndetse no gukoreshwa mu nganda, ariko igikorwa cya mbere kizibandwaho ari ukorohereza abaturage kubona ingufu zo guteka zihendutse kandi zihamye.
Ati: “Tuzayikoresha cyane cyane ku bantu benshi, nko mu mashuri, ibitaro, amagororero n’ahandi hateraniye abantu benshi. Ibi bizafasha kugabanya igitutu ku ikoreshwa rya gaz itumizwa mu mahanga, abaturage bakabona iyo mu macupa ku buryo bworoshye.”
U Rwanda rusanzwe rufite inganda eshatu zikoresha gaz yo mu Kivu mu gutanga amashanyarazi. Muri zo harimo urwa Shema Power ruherereye i Nyamyumba mu Karere ka Rubavu, rwatangiye kubakwa mu 2019 rukarangira mu 2024 rutwaye asaga miliyari 400 Frw. Hari kandi urwa Kivu Watt rukorera i Karongi, ndetse n’urundi rushya rwemejwe ruzatanga megawatt 185, rukazatangira gukora mu 2029/2030.
Iyi gahunda ije mu gihe ibiciro bya gaz itumizwa mu mahanga bikomeje kuzamuka, bigashyira igitutu ku baturage.
Kuri ubu, igiciro cya gaz yo gutekesha gikomeje kuzamuka ku masoko atandukanye, aho urugero rugaragaza ko ku masosiyete acuruza ibikomoka kuri peteroli nka SP, igiciro cy’ibilo kimwe cya gaz kiri hafi 2000 Frw.
Minisitiri Sebahizi Prudence yasobanuye ko impamvu Leta itagena ibiciro bya gaz nk’uko ibigenza kuri lisansi, ari uko isoko rya gaz rifunguye, abacuruzi bakaba ari bo bishyiriraho ibiciro hashingiwe ku buryo bayiranguye n’uko isoko rihagaze.
Yagize ati: “Mu gihe hari ihiganwa hagati y’abacuruzi, buri wese agena igiciro cye. Leta yivanga gusa iyo hagaragaye ko hari ushaka kurenganya abaturage cyangwa kwiharira isoko.”
Mu rwego rwo gukomeza guteza imbere uru rwego, u Rwanda ruri no kubaka ibigega binini byo kubika gaz bifite ubushobozi bwa toni miliyoni 9000, bikazatangira gukoreshwa mu mezi ari imbere. Ibi bizafasha mu gucunga neza ububiko no kwirinda ibura rya gaz ku isoko.
Intego nyamukuru y’iyi gahunda ni ukugabanya ikoreshwa ry’ibicanwa gakondo birimo inkwi n’amakara, bikomeje kugira ingaruka ku bidukikije. Biteganyijwe ko mu 2030, abanyarwanda bazaba bakoresha ibi bicanwa bazagabanuka bakagera nibura kuri 42%.
Ishoramari rikenewe muri iyi gahunda rirenga miliyari 1.37 z’amadolari ya Amerika, rikazafasha igihugu kugera ku ntego yo kwigira mu bijyanye n’ingufu no guteza imbere ubukungu burambye.
Iyi gahunda ya gaz yo mu Kivu ifatwa nk’intambwe ikomeye izafasha u Rwanda kugabanya amafaranga atumizwa hanze mu kugura gaz, kuzamura imibereho y’abaturage no guteza imbere inganda, bityo igihugu kikagera ku cyerekezo cy’iterambere rirambye rishingiye ku mutungo kamere gifite.
Tubibutse ko mushobora gukomeza kudukurikirana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
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