Raporo nshya yashyizwe ahagaragara muri Mata 2026 n’Itsinda ry’Ubushakashatsi kuri Congo (Congo Research Group – CRG) ku bufatanye n’Ikigo gishinzwe Ubufatanye Mpuzamahanga (CIC) cya Kaminuza ya New York, yagaragaje ishusho irambuye y’uburyo abayobozi bakuru ba M23 bamaze imyaka irenga icumi bafatirwa ibihano mpuzamahanga.
Ni nyuma yuko ibikorwa by’uyu mutwe bikomeje kugira uruhare rukomeye mu mutekano mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo.
Iyi raporo ivuga ko nibura abayobozi 13 ba gisirikare na 13 ba politiki ba M23 bamaze gufatirwa ibihano n’inzego zitandukanye zirimo Loni, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ndetse n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’u Burayi.
Ibi bihano byagiye bifatwa mu byiciro bitandukanye kuva mu mwaka wa 2010, bigamije guhana abashinjwa uruhare mu guhungabanya uburenganzira bwa muntu, guteza umutekano muke no kubangamira inzira za politiki n’amatora muri Congo.
Mu bayobozi bakomeye bagaragajwe n’iyi raporo, harimo General Sultani Makenga, umaze igihe kinini ari umwe mu bayobozi bakuru ba M23. Yafatiwe ibihano kuva mu mpera za 2012 n’inzego mpuzamahanga zirimo Loni, Amerika n’u Burayi, ashinjwa kurenga ku mategeko mpuzamahanga arengera uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Abandi barimo General Baudouin Ngaruye na Innocent Kaina na bo bashyizwe ku rutonde rw’abafatiwe ibihano muri icyo gihe, mu gihe Colonel Innocent Zimurinda we yafatiwe ibihano bwa mbere na Loni mu 2010, bikaza gukurikirwa n’ibyafashwe n’u Burayi na Amerika mu myaka yakurikiyeho.
Raporo kandi igaragaza ko ibihano bitagarukiye ku rwego rwa gisirikare gusa, ahubwo byageze no ku bayobozi ba politiki n’abari mu miyoborere y’inzego zifitanye isano na M23.
Muri abo harimo Corneille Nangaa, umuhuzabikorwa wa AFC, wafatiwe ibihano bwa mbere na Amerika mu 2019 akiri Perezida wa Komisiyo y’Amatora ya Congo, ashinjwa guhungabanya inzira ya demokarasi.
Yongeye gufatirwa ibihano mu 2024, aho byahujwe n’uruhare rwe mu buyobozi bwa AFC, ndetse n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’u Burayi na wo wamufatiye ibihano muri uwo mwaka.
Bertrand Bisimwa, uzwi nk’umuyobozi wa politiki wa M23, na we yashyizwe ku rutonde rw’abafatiwe ibihano mu 2024 na Amerika, bikurikirwa n’ibyafashwe n’u Burayi mu 2025. Ibi byerekana uburyo ibihano byagiye byaguka bijya no ku rwego rw’abafata ibyemezo bya politiki.
Mu mwaka wa 2025, Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’u Burayi wongeye gushyira ku rutonde abandi bayobozi batanu barimo Désiré Rukomera ushinzwe gushaka abayoboke no kwamamaza, Colonel John Imani Nzenze uyobora iperereza rya gisirikare, Jean-Bosco Nzabonimpa Mupenzi ushinzwe imari, Joseph Musanga Bahati wagizwe Guverineri wa Kivu y’Amajyaruguru na M23, ndetse na Justin Gacheri Musanga uyobora zone.
Hari kandi Benjamin Mbonimpa, Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa AFC/M23, na we wafatiwe ibihano mu 2024.
Ibi bihano byakomeje kwaguka no mu 2024 aho Col. Willy Ngoma, wari umuvugizi wa M23 ndetse akanaba umwe mu bayobozi b’ingabo, yafatiwe ibihano na Loni ndetse n’u Burayi.
Urupfu rwe rwabaye ku itariki ya 24 Gashyantare 2026, aho yaguye mu gitero cy’indege zitagira abapilote hafi ya Rubaya muri Kivu y’Amajyaruguru, rwongeye kugaragaza ubukana bw’intambara n’ihangana rikomeje muri aka karere.
Nubwo ibi bihano byagiye bifatwa bigamije kugabanya ubushobozi bw’aba bayobozi no kubashyiraho igitutu, impuguke zigaragaza ko bitashoboye guhagarika burundu ibikorwa bya M23.
Ahubwo, mu bihe bitandukanye, uyu mutwe wakomeje kwiyubaka no kongera ibikorwa byawo bya gisirikare, cyane cyane mu ntara za Kivu y’Amajyaruguru n’iy’Amajyepfo.
Hari abasesenguzi bavuga ko ikibazo cya Congo kidashobora gukemurwa n’ibihano byonyine, ahubwo gisaba ibiganiro bya politiki byimbitse, uruhare rw’ibihugu byo mu karere ndetse n’ingamba zifatika zo kugarura umutekano urambye.
Abandi bo bagaragaza ko ibihano bikiri ingenzi mu gushyira igitutu ku bayobozi bashinjwa uruhare mu bibazo by’umutekano, nubwo bidatanga ibisubizo byihuse.
Iyi raporo ya CRG na CIC ije mu gihe uburasirazuba bwa Congo bukomeje kuba isibaniro ry’imirwano ihuza imitwe itandukanye, aho abaturage bakomeje guhura n’ingaruka zirimo kwimurwa, ubwicanyi n’ubukene bukabije.
Ibi bituma ikibazo cy’ibihano ku bayobozi ba M23 gikomeza kuba kimwe mu bigarukwaho cyane mu gushaka ibisubizo by’igihe kirekire by’amahoro n’umutekano muri aka karere.
Tubibutse ko mushobora gukomeza kudukurikirana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
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