Umutwe wa FDLR umaze imyaka irenga makumyabiri mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, ukomeje kugaragara nk’ikibazo gikomeye ku mutekano w’akarere nubwo hari igihe wagiye ugaragazwa nk’udafite imbaraga. Icyakora, amakuru mashya ava i Kisangani n’i Washington agaragaza impinduka ikomeye mu buryo uyu mutwe ufatwamo ku rwego rwa politiki n’igisirikare.
Ku wa 29 Werurwe nimugoroba, mu mujyi wa Kisangani habereye inama y’umutekano yihutirwa yatangijwemo ku mugaragaro ibikorwa byo guhiga abarwanyi ba FDLR. Iyi nama yayobowe n’Umuyobozi wungirije mu ngabo za FARDC, General Jacques ChaliGonza, wari woherejwe na Perezida Félix Tshisekedi. Yatangaje ko ibikorwa byo guhiga FDLR bigomba gukorwa byihuse kandi nta mpuhwe, aho abakekwaho kuba muri uwo mutwe bagomba gufatwa cyangwa kuraswa.
Iki cyemezo kije gikurikira ibiganiro byabereye i Washington muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho amakuru avuga ko ikibazo cya FDLR cyari mu by’ingenzi byaganiriweho. Hari amakuru yemeza ko mu masezerano n’ubuhuza byakozwe n’Amerika mu cyumweru gishize, Congo yasabwe gufata ingamba zihamye zo kurandura FDLR, bikaba ari byo byatumye Kinshasa ifata uyu mwanzuro.
Abasesenguzi benshi bemeza ko iki cyemezo gifitanye isano n’igitutu mpuzamahanga, cyane cyane nyuma y’inama y’umutekano yabereye i Washington igaruka ku kibazo cy’umutekano mu burasirazuba bwa Congo. Ibi byatumye ubutegetsi bwa Tshisekedi busabwa kugaragaza ubushake bugaragara mu kurwanya imitwe yitwaje intwaro, by’umwihariko FDLR.
Nubwo bimeze bityo, hari abibaza ku gihe iki cyemezo gifatiwe. Mu minsi ishize, umutwe wa AFC/M23 wari watangaje ko ugiye gukura ingabo zawo mu bice bimwe na bimwe wari warafashe. Ibi byateje impaka ku bijyanye n’aho iki cyemezo cyo guhiga FDLR gihuriye n’izo mpinduka. Umuvugizi wa AFC/M23, Lawrence Kanyuka, yamaze kuvuga ko nta sano iri hagati y’ibi byemezo byombi.
Mu myaka yashize, FDLR yagiye ivugwaho gukorana bya hafi na FARDC mu bikorwa byo kurwanya M23, ibintu byagarutsweho kenshi muri raporo z’impuguke z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye. Ibi bituma iki cyemezo cyo kuyihiga gitungurana kuri bamwe, bibaza niba ari impinduka nyayo cyangwa igikorwa cy’igihe gito kigamije kwitwara neza ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
FDLR ubwayo si umutwe woroshye. Ugizwe n’abayobozi n’abarwanyi benshi bafite amateka akomeye mu bya gisirikare ndetse bamwe bakaba baragize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.
Imyaka irenga makumyabiri n’itanu ishize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 ibaye, umutwe wa FDLR ukomeje kugaragara nk’umwe mu mitwe yitwaje intwaro ifite inkomoko, imiterere n’intego bikomeje guteza impungenge mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari.
Nubwo hari abawufata nk’uwashaje cyangwa utakigira imbaraga, amakuru atandukanye n’inyandiko z’impuguke mpuzamahanga bigaragaza ko uyu mutwe ugifite ubushobozi n’imbaraga haba mu bya gisirikare, politiki n’icengezamatwara.
FDLR ni umutwe wavutse ugizwe ahanini n’abasize bakoze Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ndetse n’abakomeje gusigasira ingengabitekerezo yayo. Uyu mutwe umaze igihe kinini ukorera mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, aho ushinjwa ibikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi birimo kwica abasivili, gusahura no guteza umutekano muke mu bice bitandukanye.
Nubwo inshuro nyinshi hari abayobozi ba Congo bagaragaza ko FDLR itakiri ikibazo gikomeye, raporo zitandukanye z’Umuryango w’Abibumbye zo mu 2024 na 2025 zagaragaje ko uyu mutwe wakomeje gukorana bya hafi n’ingabo za Leta ya Congo (FARDC), ndetse rimwe na rimwe ukifashishwa nk’ingabo zunganira leta mu mirwano ihanganyemo na AFC/M23. Ibi byatumye benshi bongera kwibaza ku ruhare rwa FDLR n’aho ihagaze mu mutekano w’akarere.
Ku rwego rw’imiyoborere, FDLR igaragaza imiterere isa n’iy’umutwe ufite inzego zose zifite inshingano zitandukanye. Perezida wayo ni Lt. Gen. Iyamuremye Gaston uzwi nka Byiringiro Victor, umwe mu basirikare bakuru bari bafite uruhare mu ngabo zahoze ari iza FAR mu gihe cya Jenoside. Kuba akiri ku buyobozi bw’uyu mutwe ni ikimenyetso cy’uko amateka n’ingengabitekerezo byawo bitigeze bihinduka.
Mu bamwungirije harimo Moïse Izabayo ushinzwe ububanyi n’amahanga, Maj Gen Bunani Daniel ushinzwe umutekano, ndetse na Augustin Maniragaba ushinzwe itangazamakuru n’icengezamatwara. Aba bose bafite amateka ahurira ku ruhare rwabo mu bikorwa byabaye mu gihe cya Jenoside cyangwa mu mitwe yakurikiyeho nka ALiR, yaje guhinduka FDLR.
Ku ruhande rw’igisirikare, FDLR ifite umutwe witwa FOCA (Forces Combattantes Abacunguzi), uyoborwa na Maj Gen Pacifique Ntawunguka uzwi nka Omega. Azwi nk’umwe mu basirikare bafite ubunararibonye n’amahugurwa akomeye mu bya gisirikare, harimo ayo yakuye mu bihugu bitandukanye nka Misiri, Ubugereki n’u Bufaransa. Imvugo ze zagaragaje kenshi ko adashyigikiye na gato ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda, ahubwo agikomeje gutsimbarara ku bitekerezo by’ubuhezanguni.
Yungirijwe na Maj Gen Uzabakiriho Cyprien, nawe ufite ubumenyi buhambaye mu bya gisirikare n’amateka ajyanye n’ingabo zahoze ari iza FAR. Aba bayobozi bombi bagize uruhare mu gukomeza kubaka no gusigasira imbaraga za gisirikare za FDLR mu myaka ishize.
Mu rwego rw’ubutasi, FDLR ifite Brig Gen Uwimbabazi Sebastien uzwi nka Kimenyi, ushinzwe ibikorwa bya G2, aho akurikirana amakuru n’imigendekere y’ibikorwa by’uyu mutwe. Yashyizwe ku rutonde rw’abafatiwe ibihano na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kubera uruhare rwe mu makimbirane yo mu burasirazuba bwa Congo.
Uyu mutwe kandi ufite ishuri rya gisirikare riyoborwa na Brig Gen Hitimana Bernard, ndetse ukagira n’urwego rw’ubucamanza ruyoborwa na Brig Gen Rishirabake Bernard. Ibi byose bigaragaza ko FDLR ifite imiterere yihariye ituma ishobora gukomeza kubaho igihe kirekire, nubwo ihura n’ibihano mpuzamahanga.
Mu bikorwa byihariye bya gisirikare, FDLR ifite umutwe w’abakomando uzwi nka CRAP uyoborwa na Lt Col Rurakabije Pierre Célestin, ndetse n’indi mitwe ikorera mu bice bitandukanye bya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru nka SINAI na CANNAN/JERICHO. Iyi mitwe igira uruhare mu bitero bitandukanye no mu bikorwa byo gukwirakwiza ibikorwa byayo mu bice byinshi.
Ikigaragara cyane ku mutwe wa FDLR ni uko udashingiye gusa ku bikorwa bya gisirikare, ahubwo wubakiye ku ngengabitekerezo ikomeye ya Jenoside, ikomeje kugaragara mu mvugo no mu bikorwa by’abayobozi bawo. Ibi bituma ikibazo cyawo kirenga igisirikare kikaba n’ikibazo cy’ingengabitekerezo igomba kurwanywa mu buryo bwagutse.
Abasesenguzi bagaragaza ko gukemura ikibazo cya FDLR bidashobora kugerwaho n’imbaraga za gisirikare gusa, ahubwo bisaba ubufatanye bw’ibihugu byo mu karere n’imiryango mpuzamahanga mu kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, guhagarika inkunga zose ziwuhabwa no gushyiraho ingamba zihamye zo kuwurandura.
Mu gihe uyu mutwe ugikomeje kugaragara mu burasirazuba bwa Congo no kugira uruhare mu bitero byibasira abasivili, birushaho kugaragaza ko ikibazo cyawo kigihari kandi gisaba kwitabwaho byihuse. Kwirengagiza imbaraga n’imiterere ya FDLR bishobora gutuma ikibazo kirushaho gukura, bityo amahoro arambye mu Karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari agakomeza kuba inzozi.
Tubibutse ko mushobora gukomeza kudukurikirana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
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