Ibiciro bya tungsten, amwe mu mabuye y’agaciro akomeye ku isi, byazamutse mu mezi ashize, bikaba byatewe n’ugabanyuka kw’umusaruro woherezwaga mu mahanga ndetse n’izamuka ryo kuyifuza mu nganda nyinshi z’isi.
Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’urubuga Project Blue rubigaragaza, igiciro cya tungsten cyikubye inshuro zirenga ebyiri uhereye mu mwaka wa 2020, kikaba kigeze ku madolari y’Amerika 231.75 ku kilo muri 2026. Uku kuzamuka kw’ibiciro kurateza ibyishimo ku bacukura aya mabuye, harimo n’u Rwanda, rurusha ibindi bihugu bya Afurika byose mu musaruro wa tungsten.
Ubushinwa bugifite uruhare runini mu gutanga tungsten ku isoko mpuzamahanga, aho butanga hagati ya 75% na 80% by’umusaruro wose. Nk’uko USGS ibitangaza, kwifuzwa kw’uyu mutungo cyiyongereye cyane mu Bushinwa, kubera ko inganda zaho zikeneye tungsten idashobora gushongeshwa n’ubushyuhe bwo kugera kuri dogere 3,422 °C.
Tungsten ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z’ikoranabuhanga, ibikoresho byo mu kirere, ndetse n’iza gisirikare, bituma icyifuzo cyayo kiguma ku rwego rwo hejuru kandi kigakomeza kwiyongera.
Hanze y’u Bushinwa, kubona tungsten ni ikibazo gikomeye. Vietnam na Russia ni byo bihugu bifite umusaruro munini ugereranyije n’ibindi. U Rwanda, kuva mu mwaka wa 2025, rwatangiye kohereza aya mabuye y’agaciro mu Amerika, hamwe na Bolivia, Australia, na Kazakhstan, aho acukurwa mu birombe bitandukanye.
Mu Burayi, umusaruro wa tungsten ni muto cyane kandi wiganje mu bihugu nka Espagne na Portugal, aho byose hamwe bitanga toni 20.000 ku mwaka, ugereranyije n’u Bushinwa butanga toni 67.000. Ibi bituma ibihugu byo hanze y’u Bushinwa bidashobora guhaza icyifuzo cy’isi yose mu 2026.
Mu rwego rw’isi, u Rwanda ruri ku mwanya wa gatandatu mu gutanga tungsten, rukaba rurusha ibindi bihugu bya Afurika byose. Umusaruro w’u Rwanda w’uyu mutungo w’agaciro ugera ku toni 1.200 ku mwaka, ukaba ugaragaza ko iki gihugu gifite ubushobozi bwo gukomeza kwiyegereza isoko mpuzamahanga no guteza imbere ubukungu bushingiye ku bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro.
Ibiciro bya tungsten ku isoko mpuzamahanga byazamutse mu gihe cy’imyaka mike ishize, bituma ibihugu bifite uyu mutungo w’agaciro birushaho kwitabwaho ku rwego rw’ubukungu. Ku isoko ry’isi, China ni yo itanga umusaruro munini cyane, aho buri mwaka icukura toni 67.000, ihagarariye hafi 80% by’umusaruro wose w’isi.
Nyuma ya China, Vietnam na Russia ni byo bihugu bifite umusaruro ugaragara, aho Vietnam itanga toni 3.400 na Russia toni 2.000 ku mwaka. Ibi bihugu byombi bifasha guhaza isoko ry’isi, nubwo bikiri kure y’ubushobozi bwo guhaza icyifuzo cyose gihari.
Ku rwego rw’ibihugu by’icyiciro cya gatatu, North Korea na Bolivia bifite umusaruro ubarirwa muri toni 1.700 na 1.600 ku mwaka. Muri ibi bihugu, ubucukuzi bwa tungsten bugenda butanga amahirwe y’ishoramari ryagutse, cyane cyane mu nganda z’ikoranabuhanga n’iza gisirikare.
Ku mwanya wa gatandatu ku isi hari u Rwanda rutanga toni 1.200 za tungsten buri mwaka, rukaba rurusha ibindi bihugu bya Afurika byose. Ibindi bihugu biri ku mwanya w’icyiciro cya nyuma mu gutanga tungsten ni Australia (toni 1.000), Austria (toni 800), Spain (toni 700) na Portugal (toni 500), byose hamwe bikomeza gufasha guhaza igice cy’icyifuzo cy’isi ariko bikiri hasi ugereranyije n’u Bushinwa.
Abasesenguzi bo mu rwego rw’ubukungu bavuga ko nubwo umusaruro w’isi yose utarangana n’icyifuzo, ibiciro bishobora gukomeza kuzamuka, bigatanga amahirwe ku bacukura aya mabuye mu bihugu bifite tungsten nk’u Rwanda.
Tubibutse ko mushobora gukomeza kudukurikirana ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.
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